{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887380098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3234689","title":"A New Classification of Attacks against the Cyber-Physical Security of Smart Grids","display_name":"A New Classification of Attacks against the Cyber-Physical Security of Smart Grids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887380098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3234689","mag":"2887380098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230833.3234689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3234689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025369498","display_name":"Ghada Elbez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Elbez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074412417","display_name":"Hubert B. Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-5283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert B. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014228448","display_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-9083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025369498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84789484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7277086973190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.692909300327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6668294668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.625961184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.5968132019042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.500391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-controls","display_name":"Security controls","score":0.48971179127693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4177636504173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.40864983201026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4039013683795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1667512059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12256172299385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08849158883094788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7277086973190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.692909300327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6668294668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.625961184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.5968132019042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.500391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.48971179127693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4177636504173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.40864983201026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4039013683795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1667512059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12256172299385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08849158883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230833.3234689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3234689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507875035","https://openalex.org/W1546161534","https://openalex.org/W1552238199","https://openalex.org/W1579904204","https://openalex.org/W1842704946","https://openalex.org/W1996126254","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2012446724","https://openalex.org/W2022810949","https://openalex.org/W2036070481","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2038865613","https://openalex.org/W2043356179","https://openalex.org/W2056451850","https://openalex.org/W2060479059","https://openalex.org/W2061207936","https://openalex.org/W2064111006","https://openalex.org/W2067214013","https://openalex.org/W2075565671","https://openalex.org/W2129034289","https://openalex.org/W2140900554","https://openalex.org/W2152190235","https://openalex.org/W2157078218","https://openalex.org/W2157750441","https://openalex.org/W2160625801","https://openalex.org/W2294973828","https://openalex.org/W2319367234","https://openalex.org/W2487475175","https://openalex.org/W2559429465","https://openalex.org/W2620314617","https://openalex.org/W2727477768","https://openalex.org/W4308947186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2295387375","https://openalex.org/W2750188954","https://openalex.org/W2552129899","https://openalex.org/W2966196981","https://openalex.org/W3130070946","https://openalex.org/W2804450076","https://openalex.org/W2962702312","https://openalex.org/W4327926825","https://openalex.org/W2163600828","https://openalex.org/W2125815685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"critical":[1],"infrastructures":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,94,96],"Smart":[5],"Grids":[6],"(SGs)":[7],"rely":[8],"heavily":[9],"on":[10,157,180],"Information":[11,120],"and":[12,19,22,41,124,165],"Communication":[13],"Technology":[14,121],"(ICT)":[15],"systems":[16,58,123],"to":[17,65,118,141],"monitor":[18],"control":[20],"operations":[21],"states":[23],"within":[24],"large-scale":[25],"facilities.":[26],"The":[27,46,172],"potential":[28],"offered":[29],"by":[30,177],"SGs":[31,115,136],"includes":[32],"an":[33],"effective":[34],"integration":[35],"of":[36,49,55,72,82,86,100,135,144,153,160,184,194,209],"renewables,":[37],"a":[38,42,84,150,191],"demand-response":[39],"action":[40],"dynamic":[43],"pricing":[44],"system.":[45],"increasing":[47],"use":[48],"ICT":[50],"for":[51,167,206],"the":[52,70,73,79,87,92,97,107,111,131,145,158,161,181,185,195,203,207],"communication":[53],"infrastructure":[54],"modern":[56,101],"power":[57,102],"offers":[59],"advantages":[60],"but":[61],"can":[62],"give":[63],"rise":[64],"cyber":[66,98,154],"attacks":[67,89],"that":[68,90],"compromise":[69],"security":[71,80,133,147,183],"SG.":[74],"To":[75],"deal":[76],"efficiently":[77],"with":[78,116],"concerns":[81],"SGs,":[83],"survey":[85],"different":[88,196],"consider":[91],"physical":[93],"well":[95],"characteristics":[99],"grids":[103,127],"is":[104,163,175],"required.":[105],"In":[106],"present":[108],"paper,":[109],"first":[110],"specific":[112,132],"differences":[113],"between":[114],"respect":[117],"both":[119],"(IT)":[122],"conventional":[125],"energy":[126],"are":[128,137,170],"discussed.":[129],"Thereafter,":[130],"requirements":[134],"presented":[138],"in":[139,187],"order":[140],"raise":[142],"awareness":[143],"new":[146,151,173,200],"challenges.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"classification":[152,174,201],"attacks,":[155],"based":[156],"architecture":[159],"SG,":[162],"proposed":[164],"details":[166],"each":[168],"category":[169],"provided.":[171],"distinguished":[176],"its":[178],"focus":[179],"cyber-physical":[182],"SG":[186],"particular,":[188],"which":[189],"gives":[190],"comprehensive":[192],"overview":[193],"threats.":[197],"Thus,":[198],"this":[199],"forms":[202],"necessary":[204],"knowledge-basis":[205],"design":[208],"respective":[210],"countermeasures.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
