{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887799690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3233280","title":"The challenge of detecting sophisticated attacks","display_name":"The challenge of detecting sophisticated attacks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887799690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3233280","mag":"2887799690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230833.3233280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3233280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078861692","display_name":"Olusola Akinrolabu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olusola Akinrolabu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061046049","display_name":"Ioannis Agrafiotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Agrafiotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048010539","display_name":"Arnau Erola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-4430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnau Erola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078861692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85871554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7990009784698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.763740599155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firewall","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","score":0.561712384223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5432565808296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.5414242148399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5200324058532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.43131938576698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4207164943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33190616965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.11961314082145691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7990009784698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.763740599155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.561712384223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5432565808296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.5414242148399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5200324058532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43131938576698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4207164943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33190616965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.11961314082145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104062141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601295","display_name":"Extremal black hole","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230833.3233280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3233280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176177082","https://openalex.org/W1577525914","https://openalex.org/W1827212170","https://openalex.org/W1851403712","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W1990089904","https://openalex.org/W1992705187","https://openalex.org/W1993370323","https://openalex.org/W1999489595","https://openalex.org/W2013627100","https://openalex.org/W2026621111","https://openalex.org/W2030491982","https://openalex.org/W2040424958","https://openalex.org/W2060982666","https://openalex.org/W2068458375","https://openalex.org/W2077121139","https://openalex.org/W2102941975","https://openalex.org/W2114356569","https://openalex.org/W2114996745","https://openalex.org/W2122192957","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2134378541","https://openalex.org/W2137312325","https://openalex.org/W2153786467","https://openalex.org/W2396034850","https://openalex.org/W2400462880","https://openalex.org/W2545820541","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W2768892939","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W3164408430","https://openalex.org/W2397240470","https://openalex.org/W2602767565","https://openalex.org/W170652726","https://openalex.org/W2883822334","https://openalex.org/W2134874482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ever-increasing":[1],"rate":[2],"of":[3,37,67,82,90,99,105,114],"sophisticated":[4,49],"cyber-attacks":[5],"and":[6,102,143,168,183,201],"its":[7],"subsequent":[8],"impact":[9],"on":[10,34,131,136,181],"networks":[11],"has":[12],"remained":[13],"a":[14,64,128],"menace":[15],"to":[16,76,111,121,160],"the":[17,35,71,88,100,103,112,137,145,161,166,174],"security":[18,22],"community.":[19],"Existing":[20],"network":[21,41,182],"solutions,":[23],"including":[24],"those":[25],"applying":[26],"machine":[27],"learning":[28],"algorithms,":[29],"often":[30],"centre":[31],"their":[32,97,199],"detection":[33,118,133],"identification":[36],"threats":[38,60],"in":[39,47,96,140],"individual":[40],"events,":[42],"which":[43,117],"is":[44,85],"proven":[45],"inadequate":[46],"detecting":[48,58],"multi-stage":[50],"attacks.":[51],"Similarly,":[52],"SOC":[53,94,154],"analysts":[54,95],"whose":[55],"roles":[56],"involve":[57],"advanced":[59],"are":[61,108],"faced":[62],"with":[63,147],"significant":[65],"amount":[66],"false-positive":[68],"alerts":[69],"from":[70,93,165],"existing":[72,83],"tools.":[73],"Their":[74],"ability":[75],"detect":[77],"novel":[78,148,176],"attacks":[79],"or":[80],"variants":[81],"ones":[84,149],"limited":[86],"by":[87,151],"lack":[89],"expert":[91],"input":[92],"creation":[98],"tools;":[101],"use":[104],"features":[106,138],"that":[107],"closely":[109],"linked":[110],"structure":[113,200],"specific":[115],"malware":[116,132,178],"models":[119],"aim":[120],"identify.":[122],"In":[123],"this":[124],"work,":[125],"we":[126],"conduct":[127,157],"literature":[129],"review":[130],"tools,":[134],"reflect":[135],"used":[139],"these":[141],"approaches":[142],"extend":[144],"feature-set":[146],"identified":[150],"interviewing":[152],"experienced":[153],"analysts.":[155],"We":[156],"thematic":[158],"analysis":[159],"qualitative":[162],"data":[163],"obtained":[164],"interviews,":[167],"our":[169],"results":[170],"indicate":[171],"not":[172],"only":[173],"presence":[175],"generic":[177],"characteristics":[179],"based":[180],"application":[184],"events":[185],"(web":[186],"proxy,":[187],"firewall,":[188],"DNS),":[189],"but":[190],"identify":[191],"valuable":[192],"lessons":[193],"for":[194],"developing":[195],"effective":[196],"SOCs":[197],"regarding":[198],"processes.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}