{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886858470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229160","title":"The role of grouping in sketched diagram recognition","display_name":"The role of grouping in sketched diagram recognition","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886858470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229160","mag":"2886858470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3229147.3229160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229160","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3229147.3229160&file=02-022.pdf&download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3229147.3229160&file=02-022.pdf&download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047004333","display_name":"Amirhossein Ghodrati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Ghodrati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034836091","display_name":"Rachel Blagojevic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-3291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Blagojevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058596166","display_name":"Hans W. Guesgen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans W. Guesgen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062355849","display_name":"Stephen Marsland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-848X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Marsland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057674414","display_name":"Beryl Plimmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beryl Plimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047004333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1045,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43985024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch-recognition","display_name":"Sketch recognition","score":0.8156105279922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.7541061639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7272553443908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram","display_name":"Diagram","score":0.6458283066749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inkwell","display_name":"Inkwell","score":0.5781474709510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5465698838233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45944157242774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37368765473365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14776629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.13542985916137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.09329423308372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09001001715660095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132900626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534733","display_name":"Sketch recognition","level":4,"score":0.8156105279922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7541061639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7272553443908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.6458283066749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.5781474709510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5465698838233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45944157242774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37368765473365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14776629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.13542985916137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.09329423308372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09001001715660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3229147.3229160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229160","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3229147.3229160&file=02-022.pdf&download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3229147.3229160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229160","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3229147.3229160&file=02-022.pdf&download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886858470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886858470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135263513","https://openalex.org/W776447757","https://openalex.org/W1482005296","https://openalex.org/W1525176122","https://openalex.org/W1938740620","https://openalex.org/W1967274844","https://openalex.org/W1977267184","https://openalex.org/W1982410816","https://openalex.org/W1990649208","https://openalex.org/W2001856622","https://openalex.org/W2013585293","https://openalex.org/W2014452357","https://openalex.org/W2016841719","https://openalex.org/W2018437176","https://openalex.org/W2025999340","https://openalex.org/W2031948510","https://openalex.org/W2034635393","https://openalex.org/W2047266902","https://openalex.org/W2056795971","https://openalex.org/W2066119762","https://openalex.org/W2071047974","https://openalex.org/W2077229706","https://openalex.org/W2078350587","https://openalex.org/W2079442992","https://openalex.org/W2080009145","https://openalex.org/W2082472820","https://openalex.org/W2086164154","https://openalex.org/W2095303757","https://openalex.org/W2097248932","https://openalex.org/W2099522111","https://openalex.org/W2105360341","https://openalex.org/W2107017806","https://openalex.org/W2115627867","https://openalex.org/W2116343704","https://openalex.org/W2116585109","https://openalex.org/W2121249605","https://openalex.org/W2122529211","https://openalex.org/W2133267628","https://openalex.org/W2133865010","https://openalex.org/W2134296983","https://openalex.org/W2136540571","https://openalex.org/W2143549856","https://openalex.org/W2153360297","https://openalex.org/W2155709625","https://openalex.org/W2162385689","https://openalex.org/W2205134403","https://openalex.org/W2399802545","https://openalex.org/W2576062180","https://openalex.org/W2594676134","https://openalex.org/W2600024523","https://openalex.org/W2603795239","https://openalex.org/W2613798226","https://openalex.org/W2759134725","https://openalex.org/W2762994800","https://openalex.org/W2905353256","https://openalex.org/W3000063644","https://openalex.org/W4206171577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294900353","https://openalex.org/W2411243951","https://openalex.org/W2151314278","https://openalex.org/W13629514","https://openalex.org/W1971224820","https://openalex.org/W2963977451","https://openalex.org/W2098836165","https://openalex.org/W1976890290","https://openalex.org/W1573697454","https://openalex.org/W2966897482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"early":[1],"step":[2],"in":[3,27,37],"bottom-up":[4],"diagram":[5],"recognition":[6],"systems":[7],"is":[8],"grouping":[9,25,38],"ink":[10,39],"strokes":[11],"into":[12,40],"shapes.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"gives":[16],"an":[17],"overview":[18],"of":[19],"the":[20,34,44],"key":[21],"literature":[22],"on":[23,51],"automatic":[24],"techniques":[26],"sketch":[28],"recognition.":[29],"In":[30],"addition,":[31],"we":[32],"identify":[33],"major":[35],"challenges":[36,49],"identifiable":[41],"shapes,":[42],"discuss":[43],"common":[45],"solutions":[46],"to":[47],"these":[48],"based":[50],"current":[52],"research,":[53],"and":[54],"highlight":[55],"areas":[56],"for":[57],"future":[58],"work.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
