{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891427370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3226029","title":"Cross-Domain Noise Impact Evaluation for Black Box Two-Level Control CPS","display_name":"Cross-Domain Noise Impact Evaluation for Black Box Two-Level Control CPS","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891427370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3226029","mag":"2891427370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3226029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3226029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101731324","display_name":"Feng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-9539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054381440","display_name":"Liansheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-9772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liansheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400733","display_name":"Stefan Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-995X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075972332","display_name":"Qixin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079786056","display_name":"Neeraj Suri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Suri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deptartment of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deptartment of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029676029","display_name":"Lei Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-7801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783074","display_name":"Yu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372152","display_name":"Xue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-3442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019735827","display_name":"Xiyuan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-1008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyuan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10827927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7940874099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7810699343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7751122713088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7583011388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6885279417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.656891942024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6325951814651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.6018849611282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.5411895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5246360898017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-control","display_name":"Noise control","score":0.47836703062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4401935935020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4122140109539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.16404497623443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12585464119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11880737543106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11474472284317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08785998821258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08721253275871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07244446873664856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7940874099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7810699343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7751122713088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7583011388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6885279417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.656891942024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6325951814651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6018849611282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.5411895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5246360898017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116822448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1879301","display_name":"Noise control","level":3,"score":0.47836703062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4401935935020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4122140109539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.16404497623443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12585464119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11880737543106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11474472284317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08785998821258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08721253275871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07244446873664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3226029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3226029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:137939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/137939/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/92484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/92484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1851157989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61632015, 61561146394, and 61572249","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G354743807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A-PJ80, A-PK46, A-PL82, G-YN37, G-UA7L, G-YBMW, G-YBXW, 1-BBWC, and 4-ZZHD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65153156","https://openalex.org/W103535159","https://openalex.org/W1483893502","https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W1971038132","https://openalex.org/W1989475195","https://openalex.org/W1992442893","https://openalex.org/W1993243490","https://openalex.org/W2073769893","https://openalex.org/W2076226506","https://openalex.org/W2083968452","https://openalex.org/W2095380848","https://openalex.org/W2097301968","https://openalex.org/W2100028154","https://openalex.org/W2101494153","https://openalex.org/W2134991157","https://openalex.org/W2151250495","https://openalex.org/W2160049009","https://openalex.org/W2163489266","https://openalex.org/W2164997837","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2326713744","https://openalex.org/W3094663703","https://openalex.org/W3102923851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W4321471459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Control":[0],"Cyber-Physical":[1],"Systems":[2],"(CPSs)":[3],"constitute":[4],"a":[5,67,87,135],"major":[6],"category":[7],"of":[8,30,55,130,142],"CPS.":[9],"In":[10],"control":[11,85,90,137],"CPSs,":[12],"in":[13,26],"addition":[14],"to":[15,50,60,107,118],"the":[16,20,28,34,39,44,51,63,83,109,120,126,148],"well-studied":[17],"noises":[18],"within":[19],"physical":[21,40,52],"subsystem,":[22,41,46],"we":[23],"are":[24],"interested":[25],"evaluating":[27],"impact":[29],"cross-domain":[31,56,110],"noise":[32,35,57,111],":":[33],"that":[36],"comes":[37],"from":[38],"propagates":[42],"through":[43],"cyber":[45,64],"and":[47,93,113,128],"goes":[48],"back":[49],"subsystem.":[53],"Impact":[54],"is":[58,66,145],"hard":[59],"evaluate":[61],"when":[62],"subsystem":[65],"black":[68],"box,":[69],"which":[70],"cannot":[71],"be":[72],"explicitly":[73],"modeled.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this":[77,79],"challenge,":[78],"article":[80],"focuses":[81],"on":[82,134],"two-level":[84],"CPS,":[86],"widely":[88],"adopted":[89],"CPS":[91,138],"architecture,":[92],"proposes":[94],"an":[95],"emulation":[96],"based":[97],"evaluation":[98,121,143],"methodology":[99],"framework.":[100],"The":[101],"framework":[102,133],"uses":[103],"hybrid":[104],"model":[105],"reachability":[106],"quantify":[108],"impact,":[112],"exploits":[114],"Lyapunov":[115],"stability":[116],"theories":[117],"reduce":[119],"benchmark":[122,150],"size.":[123],"We":[124],"validated":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"efficiency":[129],"our":[131],"proposed":[132,149],"representative":[136],"testbed.":[139],"Particularly,":[140],"24.1%":[141],"effort":[144],"saved":[146],"using":[147],"shrinking":[151],"technology.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}