{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886172404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3225153.3225169","title":"An appearance uniformity metric for 3D printing","display_name":"An appearance uniformity metric for 3D printing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886172404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3225153.3225169","mag":"2886172404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3225153.3225169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3225153.3225169","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009821890","display_name":"Michael Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103505959","display_name":"Gary W. Meyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046812086","display_name":"Ingeborg Tastl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingeborg Tastl","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc. Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc. Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075864632","display_name":"Nathan Moroney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Moroney","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc. Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc. Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055450234","display_name":"Melanie Gottwals","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Gottwals","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc. Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc. Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76173677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gloss","display_name":"Gloss (optics)","score":0.8206663131713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7159385681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.709048867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6166294813156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.542258083820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.5416377782821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.449266642332077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3198530972003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3128134608268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1239076554775238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10880318284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09605661034584045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143025027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900581","display_name":"Gloss (optics)","level":3,"score":0.8206663131713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7159385681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.709048867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6166294813156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.542258083820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.5416377782821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.449266642332077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3198530972003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3128134608268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1239076554775238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10880318284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09605661034584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3225153.3225169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3225153.3225169","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309636","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575684422","https://openalex.org/W1574362399","https://openalex.org/W1973442593","https://openalex.org/W1974005424","https://openalex.org/W1987227582","https://openalex.org/W2000512760","https://openalex.org/W2003577166","https://openalex.org/W2017870736","https://openalex.org/W2039112202","https://openalex.org/W2051665442","https://openalex.org/W2057565177","https://openalex.org/W2076226401","https://openalex.org/W2087719434","https://openalex.org/W2095776733","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2109452278","https://openalex.org/W2138663006","https://openalex.org/W2153273516","https://openalex.org/W2158876907","https://openalex.org/W2165285514","https://openalex.org/W2167033949","https://openalex.org/W2486137512","https://openalex.org/W2898064087","https://openalex.org/W3000666251","https://openalex.org/W3139476211","https://openalex.org/W4293102818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119463769","https://openalex.org/W2035926194","https://openalex.org/W2514360315","https://openalex.org/W2045489541","https://openalex.org/W2134811186","https://openalex.org/W2160360150","https://openalex.org/W1985904311","https://openalex.org/W4247897165","https://openalex.org/W2358737221","https://openalex.org/W2040681928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1],"is":[2,21,46,79,85,127,148],"presented":[3],"for":[4],"perceptually":[5],"characterizing":[6],"appearance":[7,77],"non-uniformities":[8],"that":[9,71,163],"result":[10],"from":[11,87,138],"3D":[12],"printing.":[13],"In":[14],"contrast":[15],"to":[16,23,63,89,134,150],"physical":[17],"measurements,":[18],"the":[19,27,97,117,120,142],"model":[20,126,147],"designed":[22],"take":[24],"into":[25],"account":[26],"human":[28],"visual":[29],"system":[30],"and":[31,42,94,116],"variations":[32,52],"in":[33,76,167],"observer":[34],"conditions":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"lighting,":[38],"point":[39],"of":[40,48,99,141],"view,":[41],"shape.":[43],"Additionally,":[44],"it":[45],"capable":[47],"handling":[49],"spatial":[50,160],"reflectance":[51,114],"over":[53],"a":[54,105,130],"material's":[55],"surface.":[56],"Motivated":[57],"by":[58],"Schr\u00f6dinger's":[59],"line":[60,82],"element":[61,83],"approach":[62],"studying":[64],"color":[65,88,135],"differences,":[66],"an":[67],"image-based":[68,124],"psychophysical":[69],"experiment":[70],"explores":[72],"paths":[73],"between":[74,102],"materials":[75],"space":[78],"conducted.":[80],"The":[81,145],"concept":[84],"extended":[86],"spatially-varying":[90],"appearances-including":[91],"color,":[92],"roughness":[93],"gloss-which":[95],"enables":[96],"measurement":[98],"fine":[100],"differences":[101,136],"appearances":[103],"along":[104],"path.":[106],"We":[107],"define":[108],"two":[109],"path":[110],"functions,":[111],"one":[112],"interpolating":[113,119],"parameters":[115],"other":[118],"final":[121,146],"imagery.":[122],"An":[123],"uniformity":[125],"developed,":[128],"applying":[129],"trained":[131],"neural":[132],"network":[133],"calculated":[137],"rendered":[139],"images":[140],"printed":[143],"non-uniformities.":[144],"shown":[149],"perform":[151],"better":[152],"than":[153],"commonly":[154],"used":[155,166],"image":[156],"comparison":[157],"algorithms,":[158],"including":[159],"pattern":[161],"classes":[162],"were":[164],"not":[165],"training.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}