{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883043564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3214707","title":"Weakly Supervised POS Tagging without Disambiguation","display_name":"Weakly Supervised POS Tagging without Disambiguation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883043564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3214707","mag":"2883043564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3214707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3214707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007145568","display_name":"Deyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088260595","display_name":"Zhikai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-4409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079083101","display_name":"Min-Ling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Ling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015709853","display_name":"Yulan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3948-5845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007145568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82585761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7942442893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6436086893081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6124529242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.581229031085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5483444929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5153195858001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5060340762138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.49455735087394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4601393938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4586276412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.3881819546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37364012002944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1408260464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07260093092918396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7942442893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6436086893081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6124529242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.581229031085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5483444929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5153195858001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5060340762138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49455735087394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4601393938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4586276412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3881819546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37364012002944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1408260464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07260093092918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3214707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3214707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:108974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3160927731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772132, 61528302, 61573104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4333438463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"103652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","funder_display_name":"Innovate UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1041597453","https://openalex.org/W1498463760","https://openalex.org/W1558788122","https://openalex.org/W1588401315","https://openalex.org/W1607035479","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1736441281","https://openalex.org/W1909733559","https://openalex.org/W2005051678","https://openalex.org/W2018789714","https://openalex.org/W2078058974","https://openalex.org/W2078957420","https://openalex.org/W2081687495","https://openalex.org/W2099873701","https://openalex.org/W2101406128","https://openalex.org/W2108622839","https://openalex.org/W2109787011","https://openalex.org/W2110800741","https://openalex.org/W2112861996","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2130851608","https://openalex.org/W2131134557","https://openalex.org/W2137807925","https://openalex.org/W2140460010","https://openalex.org/W2142119958","https://openalex.org/W2144508908","https://openalex.org/W2146864948","https://openalex.org/W2149494688","https://openalex.org/W2150195756","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2167287217","https://openalex.org/W2168199177","https://openalex.org/W2241862190","https://openalex.org/W2250542158","https://openalex.org/W2398960405","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2618735189","https://openalex.org/W2912300410","https://openalex.org/W2930957955","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W3007285918","https://openalex.org/W3014802829","https://openalex.org/W4232478844","https://openalex.org/W4250788613","https://openalex.org/W6683738474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044488462","https://openalex.org/W2981877337","https://openalex.org/W3203938600","https://openalex.org/W2169074127","https://openalex.org/W2163707935","https://openalex.org/W83146503","https://openalex.org/W202723009","https://openalex.org/W4206462905","https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0,32],"supervised":[1,33,62],"part-of-speech":[2],"(POS)":[3],"tagging":[4,35,64,251],"is":[5,89,99,136,191,229],"to":[6,8,91,101,124,212,299],"learn":[7,125],"predict":[9],"the":[10,28,77,114,121,139,160,169,174,195,199,205,208,217,220,235,259,300],"POS":[11,34,63,74,93,149,189,250,283],"tag":[12,122,190,206],"for":[13,60,179,226,254,278],"a":[14,57,67,84,103,118,126,154,184,295],"given":[15],"word":[16,185,228],"in":[17,43,138,186,247,258],"context":[18],"by":[19,173,193],"making":[20],"use":[21],"of":[22,27,69,97,113,144,163,198,222,237,242,287],"partial":[23],"annotated":[24],"data":[25,135],"instead":[26,241],"fully":[29],"tagged":[30,47],"corpora.":[31],"would":[36],"benefit":[37],"various":[38],"natural":[39],"language":[40,267],"processing":[41],"applications":[42],"such":[44],"languages":[45],"where":[46],"corpora":[48,277],"are":[49,151,262],"mostly":[50],"unavailable.":[51],"In":[52,76],"this":[53],"article,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"novel":[58],"framework":[59,261,271],"weakly":[61],"based":[65],"on":[66,275],"dictionary":[68],"words":[70,145],"with":[71,106,207],"their":[72],"possible":[73,148,165,224],"tags.":[75],"constrained":[78],"error-correcting":[79],"output":[80],"codes":[81],"(ECOC)-based":[82],"approach,":[83],"unique":[85],"L":[86,200],"-bit":[87],"vector":[88],"assigned":[90],"each":[92,130,142,227],"tag.":[94],"The":[95,269],"set":[96,162,221],"bitvectors":[98],"referred":[100],"as":[102,153,231],"coding":[104,115,176],"matrix":[105,116],"value":[107],"{":[108],"1,":[109],"-1}.":[110],"Each":[111],"column":[112,175],"specifies":[117],"dichotomy":[119,171],"over":[120],"space":[123],"binary":[127,131,201],"classifier.":[128],"For":[129],"classifier,":[132],"its":[133,147,164,188],"training":[134,156,181,255],"generated":[137,264],"following":[140],"way:":[141],"pair":[143],"and":[146,177,203,256,281,290],"tags":[150,166,225],"considered":[152],"positive":[155,170],"example":[157],"only":[158],"if":[159],"whole":[161],"falls":[167],"into":[168],"specified":[172],"similarly":[178],"negative":[180],"examples.":[182],"Given":[183],"context,":[187],"predicted":[192],"concatenating":[194],"predictive":[196],"outputs":[197],"classifiers":[202],"choosing":[204],"closest":[209],"distance":[210],"according":[211],"some":[213],"measure.":[214],"By":[215],"incorporating":[216],"ECOC":[218],"strategy,":[219],"all":[223],"treated":[230],"an":[232],"entirety":[233],"without":[234],"need":[236],"performing":[238],"disambiguation.":[239],"Moreover,":[240],"manual":[243],"feature":[244],"engineering":[245],"employed":[246],"most":[248],"previous":[249],"approaches,":[252],"features":[253],"testing":[257],"proposed":[260,270],"automatically":[263],"using":[265],"neural":[266],"modeling.":[268],"has":[272],"been":[273],"evaluated":[274],"three":[276],"English,":[279],"Italian,":[280],"Malagasy":[282],"tagging,":[284],"achieving":[285],"accuracies":[286],"93.21%,":[288],"90.9%,":[289],"84.5%":[291],"individually,":[292],"which":[293],"shows":[294],"significant":[296],"improvement":[297],"compared":[298],"state-of-the-art":[301],"approaches.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
