{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888014022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3212719","title":"A Comprehensive Side-Channel Information Leakage Analysis of an In-Order RISC CPU Microarchitecture","display_name":"A Comprehensive Side-Channel Information Leakage Analysis of an In-Order RISC CPU Microarchitecture","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888014022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3212719","mag":"2888014022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3212719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3212719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1062333","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016373122","display_name":"Davide Zoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-062X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Zoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, ITALY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061596244","display_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, ITALY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059940813","display_name":"Gerardo Pelosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo Pelosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, ITALY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052803987","display_name":"William Fornaciari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Fornaciari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, ITALY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016373122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89146529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.9060949683189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8786810636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.7267813682556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serialization","display_name":"Serialization","score":0.6157893538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.5557759404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.5298535823822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-predictor","display_name":"Branch predictor","score":0.5112204551696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.4775465428829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.46699443459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4371712803840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40871503949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.3908956050872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.30585241317749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.25196123123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2278442680835724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17254731059074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16681253910064697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.9060949683189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8786810636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.7267813682556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52723943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127410","display_name":"Serialization","level":2,"score":0.6157893538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.5557759404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.5298535823822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168522837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679552","display_name":"Branch predictor","level":2,"score":0.5112204551696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.4775465428829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46699443459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4371712803840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40871503949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.3908956050872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.30585241317749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25196123123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2278442680835724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17254731059074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16681253910064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3212719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3212719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1062333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1062333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1062333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1062333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7777587619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"671668 and 688201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249674870","https://openalex.org/W802019357","https://openalex.org/W1487461673","https://openalex.org/W1517875064","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1580550895","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1945373036","https://openalex.org/W1994591685","https://openalex.org/W2031989101","https://openalex.org/W2042289342","https://openalex.org/W2045897118","https://openalex.org/W2049380243","https://openalex.org/W2052645857","https://openalex.org/W2053832511","https://openalex.org/W2053919488","https://openalex.org/W2061496435","https://openalex.org/W2112117539","https://openalex.org/W2116207513","https://openalex.org/W2126598527","https://openalex.org/W2127992996","https://openalex.org/W2131614885","https://openalex.org/W2133707980","https://openalex.org/W2134620466","https://openalex.org/W2144765857","https://openalex.org/W2150787412","https://openalex.org/W2156817460","https://openalex.org/W2157767379","https://openalex.org/W2160491639","https://openalex.org/W2163501229","https://openalex.org/W2169636698","https://openalex.org/W2219812381","https://openalex.org/W2233304223","https://openalex.org/W2294868896","https://openalex.org/W2344219339","https://openalex.org/W2397246570","https://openalex.org/W2401040455","https://openalex.org/W2533043266","https://openalex.org/W2949591164","https://openalex.org/W3021119500","https://openalex.org/W4320002807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2510306697","https://openalex.org/W2296608643","https://openalex.org/W3202664761","https://openalex.org/W4312333632","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W2598874220","https://openalex.org/W1560489925","https://openalex.org/W2012930062","https://openalex.org/W1869441333","https://openalex.org/W2542589650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Side-channel":[0],"attacks":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3,23,31,66,98],"prominent":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,30,107],"the":[7,18,42,47,50,59,62,85,89,94],"security":[8],"of":[9,20,22,25,33,65,74,100],"embedded":[10],"systems.":[11],"To":[12],"perform":[13],"them,":[14],"an":[15,38],"adversary":[16],"evaluates":[17],"goodness":[19],"fit":[21],"set":[24,99],"key-dependent":[26],"power":[27],"consumption":[28],"models":[29],"collection":[32],"side-channel":[34,80,112],"measurements":[35],"taken":[36],"from":[37],"actual":[39],"device,":[40],"identifying":[41,88],"secret":[43],"key":[44],"value":[45],"as":[46],"one":[48,73],"yielding":[49],"best-fitting":[51],"model.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56],"analyze":[57],"for":[58,78],"first":[60],"time":[61],"microarchitectural":[63],"components":[64],"32-bit":[67],"in-order":[68],"RISC":[69],"CPU,":[70],"showing":[71],"which":[72],"them":[75],"is":[76],"accountable":[77],"unexpected":[79],"information":[81],"leakage.":[82],"We":[83],"classify":[84],"leakage":[86],"sources,":[87],"data":[90],"serialization":[91],"points":[92],"in":[93],"microarchitecture":[95],"and":[96],"providing":[97],"hints":[101],"that":[102],"can":[103],"be":[104],"fruitfully":[105],"exploited":[106],"generate":[108],"implementations":[109],"resistant":[110],"against":[111],"attacks,":[113],"either":[114],"writing":[115],"or":[116],"generating":[117],"proper":[118],"assembly":[119],"code.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}