{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2834022868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3210240.3210333","title":"Shadow Wi-Fi","display_name":"Shadow Wi-Fi","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2834022868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3210240.3210333","mag":"2834022868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3210240.3210333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3210240.3210333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067038148","display_name":"Matthias Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-5539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049081954","display_name":"Jakob Link","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1068-6053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Link","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034071044","display_name":"Francesco Gringoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2621-582X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Gringoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNIT, University of Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT, University of Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042405070","display_name":"Matthias Hollick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hollick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067038148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97957228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"256","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7909481525421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6649719476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5681883692741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5664345026016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5584744215011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5290419459342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5043944120407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4900597333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44140610098838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.42342495918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4151838719844818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34038177132606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3319939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3269166350364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25592055916786194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7909481525421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6649719476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5681883692741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5664345026016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5584744215011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5290419459342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5043944120407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4900597333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44140610098838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.42342495918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4151838719844818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34038177132606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3319939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3269166350364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25592055916786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3210240.3210333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3210240.3210333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/512110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11379/512110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:120223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/120223/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550165678","https://openalex.org/W1693562991","https://openalex.org/W1738992959","https://openalex.org/W2022971840","https://openalex.org/W2038078828","https://openalex.org/W2064081294","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2099137371","https://openalex.org/W2107655538","https://openalex.org/W2112828494","https://openalex.org/W2113475664","https://openalex.org/W2124137178","https://openalex.org/W2131588610","https://openalex.org/W2161094771","https://openalex.org/W2194561596","https://openalex.org/W2468806775","https://openalex.org/W2565427977","https://openalex.org/W2735231767","https://openalex.org/W2763663653","https://openalex.org/W2763753824","https://openalex.org/W2782570968","https://openalex.org/W2963199173","https://openalex.org/W4244361300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W1568579691","https://openalex.org/W4250215096","https://openalex.org/W2119209917","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W2145047504","https://openalex.org/W2147127144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wi-Fi":[0,40,69,79,105,112,162],"chips":[1],"offer":[2,154],"vast":[3],"capabilities,":[4],"which":[5],"are":[6,124],"not":[7],"accessible":[8],"through":[9],"the":[10,85,88,94,110,121,138,142,147],"manufacturers'":[11],"official":[12],"firmwares.":[13],"Unleashing":[14],"those":[15],"capabilities":[16],"can":[17,107],"enable":[18],"innovative":[19,159],"applications":[20,160],"on":[21,39,52,66,120,128,161],"off-the-shelf":[22,129],"devices.":[23,163],"In":[24],"this":[25],"work,":[26],"we":[27,61,101,150],"demonstrate":[28],"how":[29,45],"to":[30,46,70,82,92,146],"transmit":[31],"raw":[32,135],"IQ":[33],"samples":[34],"from":[35],"a":[36,53,58,63,155],"large":[37],"buffer":[38],"chips.":[41],"We":[42],"further":[43,158],"show":[44,102,116],"extract":[47,93],"channel":[48,65,144],"state":[49],"information":[50,73],"(CSI)":[51],"per":[54],"frame":[55],"basis.":[56],"As":[57],"proof-of-concept":[59],"application,":[60],"build":[62],"covert":[64,118,143],"top":[67],"of":[68,99],"stealthily":[71],"exchange":[72],"between":[74],"two":[75],"devices":[76],"by":[77],"prefiltering":[78],"frames":[80],"prior":[81],"transmission.":[83],"On":[84],"receiver":[86],"side,":[87],"CSI":[89,139],"is":[90],"used":[91],"embedded":[95],"information.":[96],"By":[97,131],"means":[98],"experimentation,":[100],"that":[103,117],"regular":[104],"clients":[106],"still":[108],"demodulate":[109],"underlying":[111],"frames.":[113],"Our":[114],"results":[115],"channels":[119],"physical":[122],"layer":[123],"practical":[125],"and":[126,141,153],"run":[127],"smartphones.":[130],"making":[132],"available":[133],"our":[134],"signal":[136],"transmitter,":[137],"extractor,":[140],"application":[145],"research":[148],"community,":[149],"ensure":[151],"reproducibility":[152],"platform":[156],"for":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2018-07-19T00:00:00"}