{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2855035396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3209238","title":"Gaze-Enhanced Student Modeling for Game-based Learning","display_name":"Gaze-Enhanced Student Modeling for Game-based Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2855035396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3209238","mag":"2855035396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3209219.3209238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3209238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031491126","display_name":"Andrew Emerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-9060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Emerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078153822","display_name":"Robert G. Sawyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-2661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Sawyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019212451","display_name":"Roger Azevedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-6232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Azevedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074470380","display_name":"James C. Lester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031491126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85191713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.890509843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7542694807052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7361381649971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6731666922569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6375038623809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5152156949043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.48175525665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.4686505198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.43537092208862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.353962779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34905827045440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.22577700018882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15336641669273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.07135051488876343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.890509843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7542694807052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7361381649971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6731666922569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6375038623809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5152156949043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48175525665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.4686505198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.43537092208862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.353962779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34905827045440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.22577700018882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15336641669273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.07135051488876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3209219.3209238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3209238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3342221006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"895-2011-1006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","funder_display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310013","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38622563","https://openalex.org/W87967679","https://openalex.org/W100746835","https://openalex.org/W107670845","https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W973843712","https://openalex.org/W1474154479","https://openalex.org/W1496918241","https://openalex.org/W1529098247","https://openalex.org/W1597703949","https://openalex.org/W1842133877","https://openalex.org/W1966945364","https://openalex.org/W1968899925","https://openalex.org/W1987626674","https://openalex.org/W1988460397","https://openalex.org/W1994466783","https://openalex.org/W2003554962","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2013811491","https://openalex.org/W2023053047","https://openalex.org/W2043463111","https://openalex.org/W2060045074","https://openalex.org/W2063925016","https://openalex.org/W2072035149","https://openalex.org/W2085267184","https://openalex.org/W2121475339","https://openalex.org/W2149874222","https://openalex.org/W2161656410","https://openalex.org/W2217569420","https://openalex.org/W2332055702","https://openalex.org/W2340952835","https://openalex.org/W2471216775","https://openalex.org/W2519473699","https://openalex.org/W2550883893","https://openalex.org/W2555133631","https://openalex.org/W2565116207","https://openalex.org/W2573966546","https://openalex.org/W2574763488","https://openalex.org/W2579508942","https://openalex.org/W2587278637","https://openalex.org/W2699539148","https://openalex.org/W2725237082","https://openalex.org/W2732301027","https://openalex.org/W2734246064","https://openalex.org/W2734275994","https://openalex.org/W2759170634","https://openalex.org/W2766642606","https://openalex.org/W2805377368","https://openalex.org/W2913958523","https://openalex.org/W2920894990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,47,64,111],"eye-tracking":[3],"technologies":[4],"have":[5],"introduced":[6],"the":[7,94,102,108],"opportunity":[8],"to":[9,42,128],"incorporate":[10],"gaze":[11,20,122],"into":[12,123],"student":[13,16,34,39,59,70,75,81,104,114,124,133],"modeling.":[14],"Creating":[15],"models":[17,134],"that":[18,37,77,101,120],"leverage":[19],"information":[21],"holds":[22],"significant":[23],"promise":[24],"for":[25,52,135],"game-based":[26,49,97,136],"learning":[27,50,98,137],"environments.":[28,138],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"introduces":[31],"a":[32,48,65,68,73,85,129],"gaze-enhanced":[33,58,69,103],"modeling":[35,60,125],"framework":[36,61],"incorporates":[38],"eye":[40],"tracking":[41],"dynamically":[43,112],"predict":[44],"students'":[45],"performance":[46],"environment":[51,99],"microbiology":[53],"education,":[54],"CRYSTAL":[55,95],"ISLAND.":[56],"The":[57,117],"was":[62],"investigated":[63],"study":[66,86],"comparing":[67],"model":[71,76,105,110],"with":[72,88,93],"baseline":[74,109],"does":[78],"not":[79],"utilize":[80],"eye-tracking.":[82],"Results":[83],"of":[84,132],"conducted":[87],"65":[89],"college":[90],"students":[91],"interacting":[92],"ISLAND":[96],"indicate":[100],"significantly":[106],"outperforms":[107],"predicting":[113],"problem-solving":[115],"performance.":[116],"findings":[118],"suggest":[119],"incorporating":[121],"can":[126],"contribute":[127],"new":[130],"generation":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}