{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248908364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208249","title":"Meta-learning by the Baldwin effect","display_name":"Meta-learning by the Baldwin effect","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248908364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3205651.3208249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030271887","display_name":"Chrisantha Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1683-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chrisantha Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033464007","display_name":"Jakub Sygnowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Sygnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052435039","display_name":"Simon Osindero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Osindero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109072714","display_name":"Jane Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2255-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081322018","display_name":"Tom Schaul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Schaul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083439126","display_name":"Denis Teplyashin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Teplyashin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088180679","display_name":"Pablo Sprechmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Sprechmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062883663","display_name":"Alexander Pritzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Pritzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101742327","display_name":"Andrei A. Rusu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-8223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Rusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030271887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210113297"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81850962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1313","last_page":"1320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.8176292181015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7505730986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-learning","display_name":"Meta learning (computer science)","score":0.7469611167907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.718683660030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6720864772796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6501122117042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5598160624504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4902039170265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4607897698879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.2088136374950409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.8176292181015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7505730986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781002164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822311","display_name":"Meta learning (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.7469611167907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.718683660030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6720864772796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6501122117042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5598160624504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4902039170265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4607897698879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2088136374950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3205651.3208249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94666952","https://openalex.org/W1992120401","https://openalex.org/W2034786972","https://openalex.org/W2049977253","https://openalex.org/W2062515297","https://openalex.org/W2137310197","https://openalex.org/W2158782408","https://openalex.org/W2166160300","https://openalex.org/W2235175863","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2743074605","https://openalex.org/W3007384386","https://openalex.org/W3020348090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281847915","https://openalex.org/W3097663225","https://openalex.org/W2946605054","https://openalex.org/W98577079","https://openalex.org/W4301772239","https://openalex.org/W2948164010","https://openalex.org/W4297800546","https://openalex.org/W3130669838","https://openalex.org/W2785397462","https://openalex.org/W4294873804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,167],"scope":[1],"of":[2,20,32,48,64,80,98,104,160],"the":[3,17,43,58,61,77,130,133,150,164],"Baldwin":[4,44,131,134,168],"effect":[5,45,135,169],"was":[6],"recently":[7],"called":[8,88],"into":[9],"question":[10],"by":[11,56],"two":[12],"papers":[13],"that":[14,42,109,140],"closely":[15],"examined":[16],"seminal":[18],"work":[19],"Hinton":[21],"and":[22,52,60,155],"Nowlan.":[23],"To":[24],"this":[25],"date":[26],"there":[27],"has":[28],"been":[29],"no":[30],"demonstration":[31],"its":[33],"necessity":[34],"in":[35,121,139,163,182],"empirically":[36],"challenging":[37],"tasks.":[38],"Here":[39],"we":[40],"show":[41],"is":[46,125,136],"capable":[47],"evolving":[49],"few-shot":[50],"supervised":[51],"reinforcement":[53],"learning":[54,66,74,86,172,184],"mechanisms,":[55],"shaping":[57],"hyperparameters":[59],"initial":[62],"parameters":[63,106,152],"deep":[65],"algorithms.":[67],"Furthermore":[68],"it":[69,141],"can":[70,110],"genetically":[71,178],"accommodate":[72],"strong":[73,171],"biases":[75],"on":[76],"same":[78],"set":[79,103],"problems":[81],"as":[82],"a":[83,102,118,183],"recent":[84],"machine":[85],"algorithm":[87],"MAML":[89,124],"\"Model":[90],"Agnostic":[91],"Meta-Learning\"":[92],"which":[93],"uses":[94],"second-order":[95],"gradients":[96,145],"instead":[97],"evolution":[99],"to":[100,114,146,149],"learn":[101],"reference":[105,151],"(initial":[107],"weights)":[108],"allow":[111],"rapid":[112],"adaptation":[113],"tasks":[115],"sampled":[116],"from":[117],"distribution.":[119],"Whilst":[120],"simple":[122],"cases":[123],"more":[126,137],"data":[127],"efficient":[128],"than":[129,176],"effect,":[132],"general":[138],"does":[142],"not":[143],"require":[144],"be":[147],"backpropagated":[148],"or":[153],"hyperparameters,":[154],"permits":[156],"effectively":[157],"any":[158],"number":[159],"gradient":[161],"updates":[162],"inner":[165],"loop.":[166],"learns":[170],"dependent":[173],"biases,":[174],"rather":[175],"purely":[177],"accommodating":[179],"fixed":[180],"behaviours":[181],"independent":[185],"manner.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
