{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772287189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205230.3205233","title":"TwinsCoin","display_name":"TwinsCoin","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772287189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205230.3205233","mag":"2772287189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3205230.3205233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205230.3205233","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, and Contracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068087474","display_name":"Tuyet Duong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuyet Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021974868","display_name":"Alexander Chepurnoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163989","display_name":"Russian Scientific Center \"Applied Chemistry\"","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgmy976","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163989"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Chepurnoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ergo Platform and IOHK Research, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ergo Platform and IOHK Research, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103006695","display_name":"Lei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-091X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030233265","display_name":"Hong-Sheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Sheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98159849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8848573565483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.7879781723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7380817532539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7324045896530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.7101954817771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6085436344146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5520595908164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.5322653651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1355729103088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09499835968017578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8848573565483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.7879781723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7380817532539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7324045896530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.7101954817771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6085436344146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5520595908164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.5322653651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1355729103088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09499835968017578}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3205230.3205233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3205230.3205233","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, and Contracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523833175","https://openalex.org/W1553435762","https://openalex.org/W1568514840","https://openalex.org/W1601001795","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W1820692873","https://openalex.org/W1972614536","https://openalex.org/W1997859100","https://openalex.org/W2048642037","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2293624543","https://openalex.org/W2295506186","https://openalex.org/W2295940006","https://openalex.org/W2408417311","https://openalex.org/W2465219533","https://openalex.org/W2472053299","https://openalex.org/W2571698069","https://openalex.org/W2573050643","https://openalex.org/W2616147445","https://openalex.org/W2732281924","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2741908162","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2776643213","https://openalex.org/W2885871288","https://openalex.org/W2886706106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303984095","https://openalex.org/W4312475206","https://openalex.org/W2899359367","https://openalex.org/W4224304430","https://openalex.org/W4285133732","https://openalex.org/W4237285437","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4200362035","https://openalex.org/W2981481350","https://openalex.org/W4382371683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"design":[1,17],"and":[2,13,21,39],"implement":[3],"TwinsCoin,":[4],"the":[5,26,61,64,73,77,92],"first":[6],"cryptocurrency":[7],"based":[8,28,57],"on":[9,81],"a":[10,54],"provably":[11],"secure":[12,76],"scalable":[14],"public":[15],"blockchain":[16,44,87],"using":[18],"both":[19],"proof-of-work":[20,27,56],"proof-of-stake":[22],"mechanisms.":[23],"Different":[24],"from":[25],"Bitcoin,":[29],"our":[30,46],"construction":[31],"uses":[32],"two":[33],"types":[34],"of":[35,66,98],"resources,":[36],"computing":[37],"power":[38],"coins":[40],"(i.e.,":[41],"stake).":[42],"The":[43],"in":[45,53],"system":[47,78],"is":[48],"more":[49,95],"robust":[50],"than":[51,96],"that":[52],"pure":[55],"system;":[58],"even":[59],"if":[60,91],"adversary":[62,93],"controls":[63,94],"majority":[65],"mining":[67,99],"power,":[68],"we":[69],"can":[70],"still":[71],"have":[72],"chance":[74],"to":[75],"by":[79],"relying":[80],"honest":[82],"stake.":[83],"In":[84],"contrast,":[85],"Bitcoin":[86],"will":[88],"be":[89],"insecure":[90],"50%":[97],"power.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2017-12-22T00:00:00"}