{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798089548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201093","title":"On Identifying Anomalies in Tor Usage with Applications in Detecting Internet Censorship","display_name":"On Identifying Anomalies in Tor Usage with Applications in Detecting Internet Censorship","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798089548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201093","mag":"2798089548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3201064.3201093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.05819","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joss Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joss Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander Darer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Darer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oliver Farnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Farnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67238287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censorship","display_name":"Censorship","score":0.7731999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6703000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.40689998865127563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52930066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543","display_name":"Censorship","level":2,"score":0.7731999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.696399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6703000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779296788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326904","display_name":"Early warning system","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3201064.3201093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1507.05819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05819","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.05819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1507.05819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05819","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.05819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536447791","https://openalex.org/W1968439359","https://openalex.org/W1970338509","https://openalex.org/W1999935041","https://openalex.org/W2031211716","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2064680222","https://openalex.org/W2094522125","https://openalex.org/W2118931532","https://openalex.org/W2126053700","https://openalex.org/W2153156723","https://openalex.org/W2157578436","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2161317557","https://openalex.org/W2201189541","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2535378852","https://openalex.org/W2796214649","https://openalex.org/W2964219251","https://openalex.org/W3124321814","https://openalex.org/W4243774931","https://openalex.org/W4248484754"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,129,152,168],"develop":[1],"a":[2,68,87,113,194],"means":[3],"to":[4,27,53,57,93,141,175],"detect":[5],"ongoing":[6],"per-country":[7,81],"anomalies":[8,52],"in":[9,110,150,173],"the":[10,15,22,94,134,170],"daily":[11,46,74,88],"usage":[12,142],"metrics":[13],"of":[14,24,31,90,96,115,144,163,196],"Tor":[16,83,165],"anonymous":[17],"communication":[18],"network,":[19],"and":[20,34,50,85,108,118,149,180,188,201],"demonstrate":[21,153,169],"applicability":[23],"this":[25],"technique":[26],"identifying":[28],"likely":[29,164],"periods":[30],"internet":[32,185],"censorship":[33,127,186],"related":[35],"events.":[36,128,167],"The":[37,62],"presented":[38,135],"approach":[39,136,172],"identifies":[40],"contiguous":[41],"anomalous":[42,82,98,199],"periods,":[43],"rather":[44],"than":[45],"spikes":[47],"or":[48],"drops,":[49],"allows":[51,159],"be":[54],"ranked":[55],"according":[56,92],"deviation":[58],"from":[59],"expected":[60],"behaviour.":[61,99],"developed":[63],"method":[64],"is":[65,109,137],"implemented":[66],"as":[67,120],"running":[69],"tool,":[70],"with":[71],"outputs":[72],"published":[73],"by":[75,112,204],"mailing":[76],"list.":[77],"This":[78,100],"list":[79,101],"highlights":[80],"usage,":[84],"produces":[86],"ranking":[89],"countries":[91],"level":[95],"detected":[97],"has":[102],"been":[103],"active":[104],"since":[105],"August":[106],"2016,":[107],"use":[111],"number":[114,195],"individuals,":[116],"academics,":[117],"NGOs":[119],"an":[121],"early":[122],"warning":[123],"system":[124],"for":[125],"potential":[126],"focus":[130],"on":[131],"Tor,":[132],"however":[133],"more":[138,160],"generally":[139],"applicable":[140],"data":[143,157],"other":[145],"services,":[146],"both":[147,182],"individually":[148],"combination.":[151],"that":[154],"combining":[155],"multiple":[156],"sources":[158],"specific":[161],"identification":[162],"blocking":[166],"our":[171,205],"comparison":[174],"existing":[176],"anomaly":[177],"detection":[178],"tools,":[179],"against":[181],"known":[183],"historical":[184],"events":[187,200],"synthetic":[189],"datasets.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"we":[192],"detail":[193],"significant":[197],"recent":[198],"behaviours":[202],"identified":[203],"tool.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00"}