{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797171593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201089","title":"Third Party Tracking in the Mobile Ecosystem","display_name":"Third Party Tracking in the Mobile Ecosystem","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797171593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201089","mag":"2797171593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3201064.3201089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101687507","display_name":"Reuben Binns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-2190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben Binns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091051949","display_name":"Ulrik Lyngs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-1436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrik Lyngs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085192838","display_name":"Max Van Kleek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Van Kleek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744623","display_name":"Jun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089113674","display_name":"Timothy Libert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Libert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056692594","display_name":"Nigel Shadbolt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Shadbolt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3469,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9926895,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.9514056444168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.8045361042022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party","display_name":"Third party","score":0.7117720246315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5259695053100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47326377034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4551997780799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.39850541949272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.18570464849472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16012603044509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09837672114372253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.9514056444168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.8045361042022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.7117720246315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5259695053100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47326377034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4551997780799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.39850541949272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.18570464849472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16012603044509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09837672114372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3201064.3201089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.03603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.03603","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:b981733e-a641-4793-be59-12f2b8099a82","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b981733e-a641-4793-be59-12f2b8099a82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:46114-55F-11A","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://api.osf.io/v2/nodes/qspdt/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:4618B-FF4-E20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:ae2205bf-6927-4250-8d16-e445554747cf","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/qspdt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ProjectComponent"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.03603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.03603","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1600202723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N02334X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G175504123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R511742","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2868010678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R511742/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","funder_display_name":"University of Oxford"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015293812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4565540709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5000057853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(EP/R511742/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5105763708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320277","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797171593.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797171593.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26803606","https://openalex.org/W183415156","https://openalex.org/W799327109","https://openalex.org/W1094775615","https://openalex.org/W1555215938","https://openalex.org/W1593343478","https://openalex.org/W1648303880","https://openalex.org/W1911851747","https://openalex.org/W1918426528","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W1966175380","https://openalex.org/W1968592516","https://openalex.org/W1982235649","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W2017025011","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2062548491","https://openalex.org/W2099474262","https://openalex.org/W2105412867","https://openalex.org/W2144232014","https://openalex.org/W2159779522","https://openalex.org/W2161392727","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2208157769","https://openalex.org/W2268157125","https://openalex.org/W2341516340","https://openalex.org/W2527400238","https://openalex.org/W2535603283","https://openalex.org/W2552004720","https://openalex.org/W2585432250","https://openalex.org/W2593474785","https://openalex.org/W2611364582","https://openalex.org/W2748739240","https://openalex.org/W2753975962","https://openalex.org/W2784134919","https://openalex.org/W2963967433","https://openalex.org/W3125410793","https://openalex.org/W3125675149","https://openalex.org/W3136699861","https://openalex.org/W3183897436","https://openalex.org/W4230021221","https://openalex.org/W4239181501","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W6637916284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892196156","https://openalex.org/W2914048681","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W1984282557","https://openalex.org/W3216131935","https://openalex.org/W3183897436","https://openalex.org/W2165595692","https://openalex.org/W2803420671","https://openalex.org/W2609043439","https://openalex.org/W4226079751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Third":[0,105],"party":[1,46,100,106],"tracking":[2,71,107,140],"allows":[3],"companies":[4],"to":[5,88,111],"identify":[6],"users":[7],"and":[8,34,48,82],"track":[9],"their":[10],"behaviour":[11],"across":[12],"multiple":[13],"digital":[14],"services.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"presents":[18],"an":[19],"empirical":[20],"study":[21],"of":[22,25,51,65,70,76,95,98],"the":[23,32,49,66,91,96,124,139],"prevalence":[24],"third-party":[26],"trackers":[27,52,59,101,119],"on":[28,127],"959,000":[29],"apps":[30,43,81,83],"from":[31],"US":[33],"UK":[35],"Google":[36],"Play":[37],"stores.":[38],"We":[39],"find":[40],"that":[41],"most":[42],"contain":[44],"third":[45,99],"tracking,":[47],"distribution":[50],"is":[53,108],"long-tailed":[54],"with":[55,103,117],"several":[56],"highly":[57,114],"dominant":[58],"accounting":[60],"for":[61],"a":[62,113],"large":[63],"portion":[64],"coverage.":[67],"The":[68],"extent":[69],"also":[72,109],"differs":[73],"between":[74],"categories":[75],"apps;":[77],"in":[78,93,121],"particular,":[79],"news":[80],"targeted":[84],"at":[85],"children":[86],"appear":[87],"be":[89,112],"amongst":[90],"worst":[92],"terms":[94],"number":[97],"associated":[102],"them.":[104],"revealed":[110],"trans-national":[115],"phenomenon,":[116],"many":[118],"operating":[120],"jurisdictions":[122],"outside":[123],"EU.":[125],"Based":[126],"these":[128],"findings,":[129],"we":[130],"draw":[131],"out":[132],"some":[133],"significant":[134],"legal":[135],"compliance":[136],"challenges":[137],"facing":[138],"industry.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
