{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903120202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3200139","title":"Write Energy Reduction for PCM via Pumping Efficiency Improvement","display_name":"Write Energy Reduction for PCM via Pumping Efficiency Improvement","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903120202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3200139","mag":"2903120202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3200139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3200139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082012083","display_name":"Huizhang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-0267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huizhang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345219","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-7976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066534595","display_name":"Jingtong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingtong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393695","display_name":"Qiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073520075","display_name":"Liang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-529X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358696","display_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077381252","display_name":"Edwin H.\u2010M. Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin H.-M. Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082012083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53043266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885822057723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.7606292963027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7381029725074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-controller","display_name":"Memory controller","score":0.5990408062934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5564005374908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5134716629981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5070667266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4789848327636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.4554232954978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4536232352256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.44840550422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4424096941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43984556198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3718464970588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35844409465789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3428420126438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2200477123260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.19823268055915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1498793065547943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.1423027515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13288703560829163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885822057723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.7606292963027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7381029725074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100800780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1175867","display_name":"Memory controller","level":3,"score":0.5990408062934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5564005374908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5134716629981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5070667266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4789848327636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.4554232954978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4536232352256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.44840550422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4424096941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43984556198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3718464970588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35844409465789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3428420126438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2200477123260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19823268055915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1498793065547943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.1423027515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13288703560829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3200139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3200139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G75581700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472052 and 61772092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444834551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1812861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997475044","https://openalex.org/W2032091965","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2055818721","https://openalex.org/W2064360736","https://openalex.org/W2082070657","https://openalex.org/W2086804599","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2099798359","https://openalex.org/W2104305170","https://openalex.org/W2121795083","https://openalex.org/W2140322178","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2150261618","https://openalex.org/W2296178918","https://openalex.org/W2404547066","https://openalex.org/W2998915116","https://openalex.org/W4234346842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976244802","https://openalex.org/W4320351610","https://openalex.org/W2122646225","https://openalex.org/W4214773815","https://openalex.org/W3204477689","https://openalex.org/W4293430534","https://openalex.org/W3015923041","https://openalex.org/W4297812927","https://openalex.org/W1596579276","https://openalex.org/W3140615508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79],"emerging":[1],"Phase":[2],"Change":[3],"Memory":[4],"(PCM)":[5],"is":[6,86,112],"considered":[7],"to":[8,13,23,50,55,176,194],"be":[9,106],"a":[10,39,72,83,87,119],"promising":[11],"candidate":[12],"replace":[14],"DRAM":[15],"as":[16,45],"the":[17,32,51,67,91,95,98,101,109,126,138,153,159,165,170,178,195],"next":[18],"generation":[19],"main":[20,46],"memory":[21,166],"due":[22],"its":[24],"higher":[25],"scalability":[26],"and":[27,62],"lower":[28],"leakage":[29],"power.":[30],"However,":[31],"high":[33,59,76],"write":[34,60,92,110,122,127,132,143,160,171],"power":[35,77],"consumption":[36],"has":[37],"become":[38],"major":[40],"challenge":[41],"in":[42,66,164],"adopting":[43],"PCM":[44,56,84],"memory.":[47],"In":[48,114,134],"addition":[49],"fact":[52],"that":[53,184],"writing":[54],"cells":[57],"requires":[58],"current":[61,64,111,128,139],"voltage,":[63],"loss":[65],"charge":[68],"pumps":[69],"also":[70],"contributes":[71],"large":[73],"percentage":[74],"of":[75,82,90,97,189],"consumption.":[78],"pumping":[80,103],"efficiency":[81,104],"chip":[85],"concave":[88,99],"function":[89],"current.":[93],"Leveraging":[94],"characteristics":[96],"function,":[100],"overall":[102,190],"can":[105],"improved":[107],"if":[108],"uniform.":[113],"this":[115],"article,":[116],"we":[117,136,168],"propose":[118],"peak-to-average":[120],"(PTA)":[121],"scheme,":[123],"which":[124],"smooths":[125],"fluctuation":[129],"by":[130,145,173],"regrouping":[131],"units.":[133],"particular,":[135],"calculate":[137],"requirements":[140],"for":[141],"each":[142],"unit":[144],"their":[146],"values":[147],"when":[148],"they":[149],"are":[150,162],"evicted":[151],"from":[152],"last":[154],"level":[155],"cache":[156],"(LLC).":[157],"When":[158],"units":[161,172],"waiting":[163],"controller,":[167],"regroup":[169],"LLC-assisted":[174,185],"PTA":[175,186],"reach":[177],"current-uniform":[179],"goal.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"achieved":[187],"13.4%":[188],"energy":[191],"saving":[192],"compared":[193],"baseline.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}