{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809339505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197102","title":"Giving hints is complicated: understanding the challenges of an automated hint system based on frequent wrong answers","display_name":"Giving hints is complicated: understanding the challenges of an automated hint system based on frequent wrong answers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809339505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197102","mag":"2809339505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3197091.3197102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010307971","display_name":"K Stephens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-7418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristin Stephens-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088855767","display_name":"Armando Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.9405679702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7606463432312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.7408761978149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6074050664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5995320677757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.5172653794288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4997873306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.45828431844711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.4451102316379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35559654235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34564995765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.32621651887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24155458807945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14337536692619324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.9405679702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7606463432312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.7408761978149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6074050664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5995320677757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5172653794288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4997873306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.45828431844711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.4451102316379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35559654235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34564995765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32621651887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24155458807945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14337536692619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3197091.3197102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207841007","https://openalex.org/W1484815611","https://openalex.org/W1569393501","https://openalex.org/W2006932483","https://openalex.org/W2041103998","https://openalex.org/W2045892050","https://openalex.org/W2071792242","https://openalex.org/W2087822852","https://openalex.org/W2135995390","https://openalex.org/W2146505185","https://openalex.org/W2165365113","https://openalex.org/W2269531727","https://openalex.org/W2414190984","https://openalex.org/W2460341519","https://openalex.org/W2461627538","https://openalex.org/W2560140854","https://openalex.org/W2607641023","https://openalex.org/W2745758809","https://openalex.org/W2802126531","https://openalex.org/W4234103104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W609482051","https://openalex.org/W3199325201","https://openalex.org/W2792035366","https://openalex.org/W2375949218","https://openalex.org/W2361175230","https://openalex.org/W2366261375","https://openalex.org/W2227299183","https://openalex.org/W2733808280","https://openalex.org/W2384057431","https://openalex.org/W4388039765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Formative":[0],"feedback":[1,21],"is":[2,7],"important":[3],"for":[4,64],"learning.":[5,14],"Code-tracing":[6],"a":[8,30,95],"vital":[9],"skill":[10],"in":[11,74],"computer":[12],"science":[13],"We":[15,56],"set":[16],"out":[17],"to":[18,22,71,99],"deliver":[19],"formative":[20],"students":[23],"on":[24,84,94],"code-tracing,":[25],"constructed-response":[26],"assessments":[27],"by":[28],"building":[29],"student":[31,82],"error":[32],"model":[33],"using":[34],"insights":[35],"gained":[36],"from":[37],"inspecting":[38],"the":[39],"assessment's":[40],"frequent":[41],"wrong":[42,58],"answers.":[43],"Moreover,":[44],"we":[45,68,88],"compared":[46],"two":[47],"different":[48],"kinds":[49],"of":[50],"hints:":[51],"reteaching":[52],"and":[53],"knowledge":[54],"integration.":[55],"found":[57],"answer":[59],"co-occurrence":[60],"provides":[61],"useful":[62],"information":[63],"our":[65,75,79,92,104],"model.":[66],"However,":[67],"were":[69],"unable":[70],"find":[72],"evidence":[73],"intervention":[76],"experiment":[77],"that":[78],"hints":[80],"improved":[81],"outcomes":[83],"post-test":[85],"questions.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"also":[89],"report":[90],"here":[91],"results":[93,105],"retrospective,":[96],"exploratory":[97],"analysis":[98],"understand":[100],"potential":[101],"reasons":[102],"why":[103],"are":[106],"null.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
