{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797867514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197026.3197058","title":"Improving the Representation and Conversion of Mathematical Formulae by Considering their Textual Context","display_name":"Improving the Representation and Conversion of Mathematical Formulae by Considering their Textual Context","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797867514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197026.3197058","mag":"2797867514","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34584342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3197026.3197058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197026.3197058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.04956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Moritz Schubotz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Schubotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Greiner-Petter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Greiner-Petter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Philipp Scharpf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Scharpf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Norman Meuschke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Meuschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Howard S. Cohl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard S. Cohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bela Gipp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bela Gipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89760848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"233","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7584999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-theory","display_name":"Mathematical theory","score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-model","display_name":"Mathematical model","score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.3725999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7584999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7461000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779193601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20026918","display_name":"Mathematical theory","level":2,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110812573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175515","display_name":"Symbolic computation","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130327152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748349","display_name":"Mathematical structure","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21621646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786855","display_name":"Mathematical knowledge management","level":4,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745328","display_name":"Mathematical statistics","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66783780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166625","display_name":"Mathematical problem","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3197026.3197058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3197026.3197058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34584342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34584342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TUGboat (Providence, R.I.)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.04956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.04956","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.04956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7365023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8474120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/106719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/106719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"no"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8474120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8474120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TUGboat (Provid)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.04956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.04956","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.04956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5398132153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DFG grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6424705771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GI-1259-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327550","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501292707","https://openalex.org/W1552058877","https://openalex.org/W2003889154","https://openalex.org/W2083798195","https://openalex.org/W2150065709","https://openalex.org/W2267854330","https://openalex.org/W2337021505","https://openalex.org/W2749818730","https://openalex.org/W2767810198"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mathematical":[0],"formulae":[1,18,45,82,96,161],"represent":[2,51],"complex":[3],"semantic":[4,79,241],"information":[5,41,64,190,236],"in":[6,11,25,43,188],"a":[7,123,140,152],"concise":[8],"form.":[9],"Especially":[10],"Science,":[12],"Technology,":[13],"Engineering,":[14],"and":[15,28,55,88,134,195,204,225],"Mathematics,":[16],"mathematical":[17,44,72,117,147,168,178,189,235,246,251],"are":[19],"crucial":[20],"for":[21,71,115,146,167,214,221,240],"communicating":[22],"information,":[23],"e.g.,":[24,201,239],"scientific":[26],"papers,":[27],"to":[29,38,162,207,218,233],"perform":[30],"computations":[31],"using":[32],"computer":[33],"algebra":[34],"systems.":[35],"Enabling":[36],"computers":[37],"access":[39],"the":[40,53,58,78,84,92,98,116,157,164,210],"encoded":[42],"requires":[46,68],"machine-readable":[47],"formats":[48],"that":[49,90,155],"can":[50,229],"both":[52],"presentation":[54],"content,":[56,247],"i.e.,":[57],"semantics,":[59],"of":[60,81,95,101,122,143,160,199,245,250],"formulae.":[61],"Exchanging":[62],"such":[63,102],"between":[65],"systems":[66],"additionally":[67],"conversion":[69,86,119],"methods":[70,220,228],"representation":[73],"formats.":[74],"We":[75],"analyze":[76],"how":[77],"enrichment":[80],"improves":[83],"format":[85,118,148,169,179],"process":[87],"show":[89],"considering":[91],"textual":[93,158],"context":[94,159],"reduces":[97],"error":[99,165],"rate":[100,166],"conversions.":[103,170],"Our":[104,171],"main":[105],"contributions":[106],"are:":[107],"(1)":[108],"providing":[109],"an":[110,128],"openly":[111],"available":[112],"benchmark":[113,172],"dataset":[114,173],"task":[120],"consisting":[121],"newly":[124],"created":[125],"test":[126],"collection,":[127],"extensive,":[129],"manually":[130],"curated":[131],"gold":[132,211],"standard":[133,212],"task-specific":[135],"evaluation":[136,142],"metrics;":[137],"(2)":[138],"performing":[139],"quantitative":[141],"state-of-the-art":[144],"tools":[145],"conversions;":[149],"(3)":[150],"presenting":[151],"new":[153],"approach":[154],"considers":[156],"reduce":[163],"facilitates":[174],"future":[175],"research":[176,184],"on":[177,185],"conversions":[180],"as":[181,183],"well":[182],"many":[186],"problems":[187],"retrieval.":[191],"Because":[192],"we":[193],"annotated":[194],"linked":[196],"all":[197],"components":[198],"formulae,":[200],"identifiers,":[202],"operators":[203],"other":[205],"entities,":[206],"Wikidata":[208],"entries,":[209],"can,":[213],"instance,":[215],"be":[216,231],"used":[217],"train":[219],"formula":[222,242],"concept":[223],"discovery":[224],"recognition.":[226],"Such":[227],"then":[230],"applied":[232],"improve":[234],"retrieval":[237],"systems,":[238],"search,":[243],"recommendation":[244],"or":[248],"detection":[249],"plagiarism.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00"}