{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883571047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194178","title":"Technical debt cripples software developer productivity","display_name":"Technical debt cripples software developer productivity","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883571047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194178","mag":"2883571047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3194164.3194178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/10852/73978/2/ICSE-CE-TechDebt-40.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029439546","display_name":"Terese Besker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Terese Besker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079314377","display_name":"Antonio Martini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-8687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Martini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CA Technologies, Barcelona, Spain and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CA Technologies, Barcelona, Spain and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010170972","display_name":"Jan Bosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-722X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029439546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96894032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.8534243106842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.6227589249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6184958219528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.568871021270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614327192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.47024694085121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.42987060546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4040685296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.28216665983200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18174859881401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.12644809484481812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.8534243106842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.6227589249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6184958219528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.568871021270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614327192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.47024694085121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.42987060546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4040685296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28216665983200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18174859881401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12644809484481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3194164.3194178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/73978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/73978","pdf_url":"https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/10852/73978/2/ICSE-CE-TechDebt-40.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401717","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0270-5257","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:507477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/46d5f3e9-bfac-47f8-bd9d-d1cced552753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/73978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/73978","pdf_url":"https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/10852/73978/2/ICSE-CE-TechDebt-40.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401717","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0270-5257","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2518378953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"712949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3265188407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"712949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323714","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia per a la Competitivitat de l\u2019Empresa"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323714","display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia per a la Competitivitat de l\u2019Empresa","ror":"https://ror.org/01xhc9d78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883571047.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883571047.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511267087","https://openalex.org/W1594251856","https://openalex.org/W1648883014","https://openalex.org/W1826514372","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1981425990","https://openalex.org/W1985281788","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W1998785137","https://openalex.org/W2008892765","https://openalex.org/W2015187825","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2036170214","https://openalex.org/W2037698798","https://openalex.org/W2057244851","https://openalex.org/W2071527134","https://openalex.org/W2088339550","https://openalex.org/W2108025693","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2141370332","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2163851162","https://openalex.org/W2196945619","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2316684546","https://openalex.org/W2618269984","https://openalex.org/W2619961724","https://openalex.org/W2739113232","https://openalex.org/W2767599271","https://openalex.org/W3088367578","https://openalex.org/W3146212093","https://openalex.org/W3150900199","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4256312496","https://openalex.org/W4299687266","https://openalex.org/W4399576166","https://openalex.org/W6764010985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985040977","https://openalex.org/W4234730551","https://openalex.org/W2598593295","https://openalex.org/W2476117260","https://openalex.org/W2770531922","https://openalex.org/W1845068655","https://openalex.org/W4321354308","https://openalex.org/W3092441607","https://openalex.org/W2935052825","https://openalex.org/W2290299503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"companies":[1],"need":[2],"to":[3,36,79,140,148,153],"continuously":[4],"deliver":[5],"customer":[6],"value,":[7],"both":[8,92],"from":[9,93],"a":[10,94,105],"short-":[11],"and":[12,63,85,96,142],"long-term":[13],"perspective.":[14,98],"However,":[15],"software":[16,47,110,119],"development":[17,48,137],"can":[18],"be":[19],"impeded":[20],"by":[21],"what":[22],"has":[23],"been":[24],"described":[25],"as":[26],"Technical":[27],"Debt":[28],"(TD).":[29],"The":[30,121,157],"aim":[31],"of":[32,41,45,67,83,89,104,123,135],"this":[33,58],"study":[34,51,75],"is":[35,61,165,167],"explore":[37],"the":[38,70,81,87,102,124],"negative":[39],"consequences":[40],"TD":[42,68,141,151],"in":[43],"terms":[44],"wasted":[46,59,71,90,126],"time.":[49],"This":[50,74,99],"also":[52,76],"investigates":[53],"on":[54,132,161],"which":[55,162],"additional":[56,163,169],"activities":[57],"time":[60,72,127,138,164],"spent":[62,166],"whether":[64],"different":[65],"types":[66],"impact":[69],"differently.":[73],"sets":[77],"out":[78],"examine":[80],"benefits":[82],"tracking":[84],"communicating":[86],"amount":[88],"time,":[91],"developer's":[95],"manager's":[97],"paper":[100],"reports":[101],"results":[103],"longitudinal":[106],"study,":[107],"surveying":[108],"43":[109],"developers,":[111],"together":[112],"with":[113,116],"follow-up":[114],"interviews":[115],"16":[117],"industrial":[118],"practitioners.":[120],"analysis":[122],"reported":[125],"revealed":[128],"that":[129,143],"developers":[130],"waste,":[131],"average,":[133],"23%":[134],"their":[136],"due":[139,152],"they":[144],"are":[145],"frequently":[146],"forced":[147],"introduce":[149],"new":[150],"already":[154],"existing":[155],"TD.":[156],"most":[158],"common":[159],"activity":[160],"performing":[168],"testing.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}
