{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883072231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194168","title":"Technical debt as an external software attribute","display_name":"Technical debt as an external software attribute","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883072231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194168","mag":"2883072231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3194164.3194168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3194164.3194168","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3194164.3194168","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068567905","display_name":"Luigi Lavazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Lavazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051028027","display_name":"Sandro Morasca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Morasca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077533591","display_name":"Davide Tosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-2512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Tosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068567905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85026497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.9746352434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.7150864005088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5220646262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5030466914176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39117130637168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.19591644406318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.15595844388008118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.9746352434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.7150864005088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5220646262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5030466914176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39117130637168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.19591644406318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15595844388008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3194164.3194168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3194164.3194168","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irinsubria.uninsubria.it:11383/2073689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3194168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196351","display_name":"IrInSubria (University of Insubria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","host_organization_name":"University of Insubria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3194164.3194168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3194164.3194168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3194164.3194168","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323281","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883072231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883072231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18112494","https://openalex.org/W1500099286","https://openalex.org/W1511637839","https://openalex.org/W1520594178","https://openalex.org/W1826514372","https://openalex.org/W1973112705","https://openalex.org/W1981698832","https://openalex.org/W2013797311","https://openalex.org/W2020774965","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2039444730","https://openalex.org/W2072101068","https://openalex.org/W2082792969","https://openalex.org/W2095760215","https://openalex.org/W2099794800","https://openalex.org/W2117539536","https://openalex.org/W2148068009","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2153242493","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2163279690","https://openalex.org/W2214887680","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2493532602","https://openalex.org/W2523440281","https://openalex.org/W2563485765","https://openalex.org/W2565244242","https://openalex.org/W2600952128","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W4298746475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1840755814","https://openalex.org/W2060038150","https://openalex.org/W2031271477","https://openalex.org/W3130266246","https://openalex.org/W3133010148","https://openalex.org/W2739113232","https://openalex.org/W1985040977","https://openalex.org/W4234730551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Technical":[1],"debt":[2,19],"is":[3],"currently":[4],"receiving":[5],"increasing":[6],"attention":[7],"from":[8],"practitioners":[9],"and":[10,15],"researchers.":[11],"Several":[12],"metaphors,":[13],"concepts,":[14],"indications":[16],"concerning":[17],"technical":[18,32],"have":[20],"been":[21],"introduced,":[22],"but":[23],"no":[24],"agreement":[25],"exists":[26],"about":[27],"a":[28],"solid":[29],"definition":[30],"of":[31],"debt.":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
