{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884985042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193992.3193999","title":"Formal verification of an autonomous wheel loader by model checking","display_name":"Formal verification of an autonomous wheel loader by model checking","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884985042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193992.3193999","mag":"2884985042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3193992.3193999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193992.3193999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Formal Methods in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087650786","display_name":"Rong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037948491","display_name":"Raluca Marinescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raluca Marinescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025773724","display_name":"Cristina Seceleanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Seceleanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045641364","display_name":"Kristina Lundqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-3712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Lundqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087650786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8562505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"74","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loader","display_name":"Loader","score":0.8480511903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependability","display_name":"Dependability","score":0.828976035118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6786404848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6690753698348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6627129316329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.5885528922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.4377317428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.38714081048965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35176870226860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34871965646743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22745057940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.21809962391853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.19337815046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08044520020484924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650550","display_name":"Loader","level":2,"score":0.8480511903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77019957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689057","display_name":"Dependability","level":2,"score":0.828976035118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6786404848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6690753698348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6627129316329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.5885528922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4377317428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.38714081048965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35176870226860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34871965646743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22745057940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.21809962391853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.19337815046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08044520020484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3193992.3193999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193992.3193999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Formal Methods in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130102441","https://openalex.org/W1499727625","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1979205345","https://openalex.org/W1994511055","https://openalex.org/W2000947342","https://openalex.org/W2096878398","https://openalex.org/W2124623089","https://openalex.org/W2128934014","https://openalex.org/W2146257001","https://openalex.org/W2150220388","https://openalex.org/W2152679156","https://openalex.org/W2166423024","https://openalex.org/W2168005792","https://openalex.org/W2258090894","https://openalex.org/W2263584683","https://openalex.org/W2564045982","https://openalex.org/W2600946227","https://openalex.org/W2765775656","https://openalex.org/W2769304060","https://openalex.org/W2972761635","https://openalex.org/W3147567656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169628522","https://openalex.org/W2365193102","https://openalex.org/W4252527915","https://openalex.org/W2343312170","https://openalex.org/W2023024008","https://openalex.org/W1911254468","https://openalex.org/W1819938260","https://openalex.org/W2340892746","https://openalex.org/W3005999311","https://openalex.org/W3042530408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,27],"an":[1],"attempt":[2],"to":[3,29],"increase":[4],"productivity":[5],"and":[6,46,57],"the":[7,10,34],"workers'":[8],"safety,":[9],"construction":[11,17,21],"industry":[12],"is":[13],"moving":[14],"towards":[15],"autonomous":[16],"sites,":[18],"where":[19],"various":[20],"machines":[22,35],"operate":[23,59],"without":[24],"human":[25,45],"intervention.":[26],"order":[28],"perform":[30],"their":[31],"tasks":[32],"autonomously,":[33],"are":[36,54],"equipped":[37],"with":[38,61],"different":[39],"features,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"position":[43],"localization,":[44],"obstacle":[47],"detection,":[48],"collision":[49],"avoidance,":[50],"etc.":[51],"Such":[52],"systems":[53],"safety":[55],"critical,":[56],"should":[58],"autonomously":[60],"very":[62],"high":[63],"dependability":[64],"(e.g.,":[65],"by":[66],"meeting":[67],"task":[68],"deadlines,":[69],"avoiding":[70],"(fatal)":[71],"accidents":[72],"at":[73],"all":[74],"costs,":[75],"etc.).":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}