{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787955846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193977.3193985","title":"Using semi-supervised learning for predicting metamorphic relations","display_name":"Using semi-supervised learning for predicting metamorphic relations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787955846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193977.3193985","mag":"2787955846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3193977.3193985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193977.3193985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.07324","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071553947","display_name":"Bonnie Hardin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonnie Hardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Montana State University","Montana State University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montana State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montana State University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083120673","display_name":"Upulee Kanewala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upulee Kanewala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Montana State University","Montana State University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montana State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montana State University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58635918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"14","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7233920693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6766279935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-rock","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","score":0.6155831217765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.570961058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5543347597122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.49374112486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4441482424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4375395178794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43079665303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.342646062374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.2799663245677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.139579176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09949702024459839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7233920693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6766279935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.6155831217765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.570961058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5543347597122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.49374112486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4441482424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4375395178794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43079665303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.342646062374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2799663245677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.139579176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09949702024459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3193977.3193985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3193977.3193985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.07324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07324","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.07324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2787955846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.montana.edu:1/14551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/14551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402563","display_name":"Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","host_organization_name":"Montana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.07324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.07324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.07324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07324","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.07324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519683776","https://openalex.org/W1630959083","https://openalex.org/W1979328741","https://openalex.org/W2023556458","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2067676171","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2154794763","https://openalex.org/W2280554095","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964121378","https://openalex.org/W2727355181","https://openalex.org/W1976096185","https://openalex.org/W2942433680","https://openalex.org/W1595176178","https://openalex.org/W2328741292","https://openalex.org/W2038791581","https://openalex.org/W3213596380","https://openalex.org/W3033465058","https://openalex.org/W2099271458","https://openalex.org/W3106586287","https://openalex.org/W2754753725","https://openalex.org/W2295628041","https://openalex.org/W38386556","https://openalex.org/W3184325411","https://openalex.org/W2186457477","https://openalex.org/W3089786543","https://openalex.org/W327522316","https://openalex.org/W3200953175","https://openalex.org/W3036591508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"testing":[1,22,29],"is":[2,19,23,45],"difficult":[3],"to":[4,33,51,59,82,89],"automate,":[5],"especially":[6],"in":[7],"programs":[8],"which":[9,17,53,84],"have":[10],"no":[11],"oracle,":[12],"or":[13],"method":[14,77],"of":[15,43,108,115],"determining":[16],"output":[18],"correct.":[20],"Metamorphic":[21,28,64],"a":[24,48,61,76,90,100],"solution":[25],"this":[26,68,96],"problem.":[27],"uses":[30],"metamorphic":[31,54,85],"relations":[32,55,86],"define":[34],"test":[35,60],"cases":[36],"and":[37,103],"expected":[38],"outputs.":[39],"A":[40],"large":[41],"amount":[42],"time":[44],"needed":[46],"for":[47,70],"domain":[49],"expert":[50],"determine":[52],"can":[56],"be":[57],"used":[58],"given":[62,91],"program.":[63],"relation":[65],"prediction":[66,118],"removes":[67],"need":[69],"such":[71],"an":[72],"expert.":[73],"We":[74,94],"propose":[75],"using":[78],"semi-supervised":[79,97],"machine":[80],"learning":[81],"detect":[83],"are":[87],"applicable":[88],"code":[92],"base.":[93],"compare":[95],"model":[98],"with":[99],"supervised":[101],"model,":[102],"show":[104],"that":[105],"the":[106,112,116],"addition":[107],"unlabeled":[109],"data":[110],"improves":[111],"classification":[113],"accuracy":[114],"MR":[117],"model.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
