{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798818974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188731","title":"A Structured Response to Misinformation","display_name":"A Structured Response to Misinformation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798818974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188731","mag":"2798818974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3184558.3188731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188731","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3188731&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the The Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3188731&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037569091","display_name":"Amy X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy X. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032419217","display_name":"Martin Robbins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119138","display_name":"Full Fact","ror":"https://ror.org/02mag1e82","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Factmata, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Factmata, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046063849","display_name":"Ed M. Bice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-9133"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Bice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meedan, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meedan, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090081060","display_name":"Sandro Hawke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087207","display_name":"World Wide Web Consortium","ror":"https://ror.org/0059y1582","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Hawke","raw_affiliation_strings":["W3C, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"W3C, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028448267","display_name":"David R. Karger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Karger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036566468","display_name":"An Xiao Mina","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Xiao Mina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meedan, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meedan, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112360324","display_name":"Aditya Ranganathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Ranganathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110555505","display_name":"Sarah Emlen Metz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Emlen Metz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082235713","display_name":"Scott Appling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Appling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016868030","display_name":"Connie Moon Sehat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-0730"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connie Moon Sehat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Voices, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Voices, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097596169","display_name":"Norman Gilmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Gilmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032413377","display_name":"Nick B. Adams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick B. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044527289","display_name":"Emmanuel M. Vincent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-5490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110719772","display_name":"Jennifer Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hacks/Hackers, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hacks/Hackers, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037569091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.1189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9970253,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"603","last_page":"612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.9139856696128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8761544227600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.7804228663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7633452415466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.67665034532547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6078948378562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6074389219284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5320606827735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5176966190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4045591354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.39744728803634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1904243528842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15473589301109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13510048389434814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.9139856696128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8761544227600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.7804228663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633452415466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.67665034532547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6078948378562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6074389219284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5320606827735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5176966190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4045591354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39744728803634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1904243528842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15473589301109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13510048389434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3184558.3188731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188731","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3188731&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the The Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/137713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/137713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3184558.3188731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188731","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3188731&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the The Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798818974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798818974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621249151","https://openalex.org/W748442549","https://openalex.org/W1532503642","https://openalex.org/W1613353461","https://openalex.org/W1965254615","https://openalex.org/W1984640266","https://openalex.org/W2006358315","https://openalex.org/W2010330073","https://openalex.org/W2023945620","https://openalex.org/W2024194884","https://openalex.org/W2028358741","https://openalex.org/W2029722802","https://openalex.org/W2041917826","https://openalex.org/W2050619059","https://openalex.org/W2055952423","https://openalex.org/W2070199894","https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2100974526","https://openalex.org/W2128082596","https://openalex.org/W2129647236","https://openalex.org/W2133504424","https://openalex.org/W2137194788","https://openalex.org/W2140283616","https://openalex.org/W2145451908","https://openalex.org/W2163220194","https://openalex.org/W2167024389","https://openalex.org/W2248267741","https://openalex.org/W2290484796","https://openalex.org/W2398287226","https://openalex.org/W2538541058","https://openalex.org/W2567809919","https://openalex.org/W2588505903","https://openalex.org/W2620802768","https://openalex.org/W2741444012","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2755214931","https://openalex.org/W2759820691","https://openalex.org/W2761681614","https://openalex.org/W2780020334","https://openalex.org/W2901742598","https://openalex.org/W2912659123","https://openalex.org/W4200558553","https://openalex.org/W4206273048","https://openalex.org/W4246826033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4220949352","https://openalex.org/W4229014887","https://openalex.org/W4388798880","https://openalex.org/W3160843552","https://openalex.org/W4229067106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,24,32,60,70,97,100,124,138],"misinformation":[3],"in":[4],"online":[5],"news":[6],"and":[7,25,48,126,132],"its":[8],"amplification":[9],"by":[10,66,107,130],"platforms":[11,131],"are":[12],"a":[13,67,91,95],"growing":[14],"concern,":[15],"leading":[16],"to":[17,20,27],"numerous":[18],"efforts":[19],"improve":[21],"the":[22,30,37,122,133,136],"detection":[23],"response":[26],"misinformation.":[28],"Given":[29],"variety":[31],"approaches,":[33],"collective":[34],"agreement":[35],"on":[36],"indicators":[38,61,73,106],"that":[39],"signify":[40],"credible":[41],"content":[42,142],"could":[43],"allow":[44],"for":[45,62,141],"greater":[46],"collaboration":[47],"data-sharing":[49],"across":[50],"initiatives.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,93],"present":[56,94],"an":[57,78],"initial":[58],"set":[59,123],"article":[63,88],"credibility":[64,102],"defined":[65],"diverse":[68],"coalition":[69],"experts.":[71],"These":[72],"originate":[74],"from":[75,84],"both":[76],"within":[77],"article's":[79],"text":[80],"as":[81,83],"well":[82],"external":[85],"sources":[86],"or":[87],"metadata.":[89],"As":[90],"proof-of-concept,":[92],"dataset":[96],"40":[98],"articles":[99],"varying":[101],"annotated":[103],"with":[104],"our":[105],"6":[108],"trained":[109],"annotators":[110],"using":[111],"specialized":[112],"platforms.":[113],"We":[114],"discuss":[115],"future":[116],"steps":[117],"including":[118],"expanding":[119],"annotation,":[120],"broadening":[121],"indicators,":[125],"considering":[127],"their":[128],"use":[129],"public,":[134],"towards":[135],"development":[137],"interoperable":[139],"standards":[140],"credibility.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}