{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807713652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183519.3183550","title":"Advantages and disadvantages of a monolithic repository","display_name":"Advantages and disadvantages of a monolithic repository","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807713652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183519.3183550","mag":"2807713652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183519.3183550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183519.3183550","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3183519.3183550","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3183519.3183550","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010687341","display_name":"Ciera Jaspan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ciera Jaspan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049266715","display_name":"Matthew Jorde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Jorde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064650036","display_name":"Andrea Knight","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013989748","display_name":"Caitlin Sadowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7742-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Sadowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109121071","display_name":"Edward K. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1956-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward K. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039230922","display_name":"Collin Winter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052426710","display_name":"Emerson Murphy-Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emerson Murphy-Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["NC State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010687341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97171678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"225","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.8783860206604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.734648585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.7317311763763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.7160838842391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5740965604782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5664623975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-reuse","display_name":"Code reuse","score":0.49871206283569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4594375491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.455342173576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4343317151069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4169628620147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4083147943019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3180241584777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22496917843818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10544997453689575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.8783860206604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.734648585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7317311763763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.7160838842391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5740965604782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5664623975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.49871206283569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4594375491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.455342173576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4343317151069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4169628620147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4083147943019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3180241584777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22496917843818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10544997453689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183519.3183550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183519.3183550","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3183519.3183550","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183519.3183550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183519.3183550","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3183519.3183550","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807713652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807713652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819759706","https://openalex.org/W1978924650","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1990244497","https://openalex.org/W1995935241","https://openalex.org/W1995969252","https://openalex.org/W2006291142","https://openalex.org/W2056024552","https://openalex.org/W2066045860","https://openalex.org/W2074844852","https://openalex.org/W2109225725","https://openalex.org/W2117329005","https://openalex.org/W2125146799","https://openalex.org/W2140952846","https://openalex.org/W2142958724","https://openalex.org/W2166667085","https://openalex.org/W2167626029","https://openalex.org/W2354248936","https://openalex.org/W2469513535","https://openalex.org/W2535161305","https://openalex.org/W4238015152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162089186","https://openalex.org/W3197508308","https://openalex.org/W2921727127","https://openalex.org/W4312658591","https://openalex.org/W4287710045","https://openalex.org/W3115871478","https://openalex.org/W2946015294","https://openalex.org/W2372335781","https://openalex.org/W3045101126","https://openalex.org/W3174522106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monolithic":[0],"source":[1],"code":[2,110],"repositories":[3],"(repos)":[4],"are":[5,169],"used":[6],"by":[7,32,64],"several":[8],"large":[9],"tech":[10],"companies,":[11],"but":[12],"little":[13],"is":[14,40,84,159],"known":[15],"about":[16],"their":[17,142,177],"advantages":[18],"or":[19],"disadvantages":[20],"compared":[21],"to":[22,95,98,116,140,171],"multiple":[23],"per-project":[24,54],"repos.":[25,55],"This":[26,56],"paper":[27,57],"investigates":[28],"the":[29,61,79,82,123,129,156],"relative":[30],"tradeoffs":[31],"utilizing":[33],"a":[34,41,68,85,89,117,161],"mixed-methods":[35],"approach.":[36],"Our":[37,75],"primary":[38],"contribution":[39],"survey":[42],"of":[43,71,81,88,125],"engineers":[44,66,94,137,164],"who":[45],"have":[46,108],"experience":[47],"with":[48,67],"both":[49,154],"monolithic":[50,90],"repos":[51],"and":[52,106,145,150,168],"multiple,":[53],"also":[58,121,160],"backs":[59],"up":[60],"claims":[62],"made":[63],"these":[65],"large-scale":[69],"analysis":[70],"developer":[72],"tool":[73],"logs.":[74],"study":[76],"finds":[77],"that":[78,175],"visibility":[80],"codebase":[83],"significant":[86,147,162],"advantage":[87],"repo:":[91],"it":[92],"enables":[93],"discover":[96],"APIs":[97],"reuse,":[99],"find":[100],"examples":[101],"for":[102],"using":[103],"an":[104,113],"API,":[105],"automatically":[107],"dependent":[109],"updated":[111],"as":[112],"API":[114],"migrates":[115],"new":[118],"version.":[119],"Engineers":[120],"appreciate":[122],"centralization":[124],"dependency":[126],"management":[127,173],"in":[128],"repo.":[130],"In":[131,153],"contrast,":[132],"multiple-repository":[133],"(multi-repo)":[134],"systems":[135,174],"afford":[136],"more":[138],"flexibility":[139],"select":[141],"own":[143],"toolchains":[144],"provide":[146],"access":[148],"control":[149],"stability":[151],"benefits.":[152],"cases,":[155],"related":[157],"tooling":[158],"factor;":[163],"favor":[165],"particular":[166],"tools":[167],"drawn":[170],"repo":[172],"support":[176],"desired":[178],"toolchain.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
