{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808452017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183399.3183420","title":"Towards saving money in using smart contracts","display_name":"Towards saving money in using smart contracts","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808452017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183399.3183420","mag":"2808452017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183399.3183420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183399.3183420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443178","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342798","display_name":"Zihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-577X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396821","display_name":"Hao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086118824","display_name":"Jiachi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634702","display_name":"Xiaoqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-9178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780268","display_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100443178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.9936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99417097,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.977948784828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.8135515451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786813974380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4921514391899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.44610798358917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.3896225094795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35053884983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.346357524394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3281680941581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3268910050392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1903238296508789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.977948784828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.8135515451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786813974380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4921514391899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.44610798358917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.3896225094795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35053884983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.346357524394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3281680941581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3268910050392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1903238296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183399.3183420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183399.3183420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1744150050","https://openalex.org/W2160145830","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2598139937","https://openalex.org/W2963220038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092702943","https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4320715980","https://openalex.org/W3122124622","https://openalex.org/W3150062897","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4376606592","https://openalex.org/W3176636969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Being":[0],"a":[1,42],"new":[2],"kind":[3],"of":[4,51,94,119,141],"software":[5],"leveraging":[6],"blockchain":[7,26],"to":[8,19,132,155],"execute":[9],"real":[10,120],"contracts,":[11,176],"smart":[12,30,43,59,66,75,108,121,142,158,175],"contracts":[13,31,60,76,143,159],"are":[14],"in":[15,35,171],"great":[16],"demand":[17],"due":[18],"many":[20],"advantages.":[21],"Ethereum":[22,53],"is":[23],"the":[24,55,62,89,101,116,129,139],"largest":[25],"platform":[27],"that":[28,41,73],"supports":[29],"by":[32],"running":[33],"them":[34,146],"its":[36],"virtual":[37],"machine.":[38],"To":[39],"ensure":[40],"contract":[44],"will":[45],"terminate":[46],"eventually":[47],"and":[48,61,88,126,144,160,167,173],"prevent":[49],"abuse":[50],"resources,":[52],"charges":[54],"developers":[56],"for":[57,64,92],"deploying":[58,172],"users":[63],"executing":[65],"contracts.":[67,109,122],"Although":[68],"our":[69],"previous":[70],"work":[71],"shows":[72],"under-optimized":[74,107],"may":[77],"cost":[78],"more":[79],"money":[80],"than":[81],"necessary,":[82],"it":[83],"just":[84],"lists":[85],"7":[86],"anti-patterns":[87,114,137],"detection":[90],"method":[91],"3":[93],"them.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99,124,164],"conduct":[100],"first":[102,111,130],"in-depth":[103],"investigation":[104],"on":[105],"such":[106],"We":[110],"identify":[112],"24":[113],"from":[115,138],"execution":[117,162],"traces":[118],"Then,":[123],"design":[125],"develop":[127],"GasReducer,":[128],"tool":[131],"automatically":[133],"detect":[134,165],"all":[135,157],"these":[136],"bytecode":[140],"replace":[145],"with":[147],"efficient":[148],"code":[149],"through":[150],"bytecode-to-bytecode":[151],"optimization.":[152],"Using":[153],"GasReducer":[154],"analyze":[156],"their":[161],"traces,":[163],"9,490,768":[166],"557,565,754":[168],"anti-pattern":[169],"instances":[170],"invoking":[174],"respectively.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}