{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802138742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183339","title":"How Far We Have Progressed in the Journey? An Examination of Cross-Project Defect Prediction","display_name":"How Far We Have Progressed in the Journey? An Examination of Cross-Project Defect Prediction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802138742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183339","mag":"2802138742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031391841","display_name":"Yuming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-2526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037791183","display_name":"Yibiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020202211","display_name":"Hongmin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-9754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443798","display_name":"Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360608","display_name":"Yanhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-7175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032781215","display_name":"Yangyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0965-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039734214","display_name":"Junyan Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-6975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyan Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331400","display_name":"Baowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.0332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99672838,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8075798153877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.7386173605918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6081557273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-prediction","display_name":"Performance prediction","score":0.5435961484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3874080777168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3779347538948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35804063081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.19254466891288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.091347336769104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075798153877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.7386173605918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6081557273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777115002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168246","display_name":"Performance prediction","level":2,"score":0.5435961484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3874080777168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3779347538948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35804063081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.19254466891288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.091347336769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3183339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3183339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4454119551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61432001, 61772259, 61472175, 61472178, 61702256, 61562015 and 61403187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43874579","https://openalex.org/W66570796","https://openalex.org/W194772060","https://openalex.org/W1482971670","https://openalex.org/W1483432854","https://openalex.org/W1535199074","https://openalex.org/W1570437003","https://openalex.org/W1656679015","https://openalex.org/W1661686736","https://openalex.org/W1909497710","https://openalex.org/W1933453367","https://openalex.org/W1961761736","https://openalex.org/W1966682079","https://openalex.org/W1975040830","https://openalex.org/W1975675278","https://openalex.org/W1981621595","https://openalex.org/W1984953175","https://openalex.org/W1985797722","https://openalex.org/W1992345889","https://openalex.org/W1994719586","https://openalex.org/W2001629770","https://openalex.org/W2008596407","https://openalex.org/W2010398592","https://openalex.org/W2021509116","https://openalex.org/W2021688474","https://openalex.org/W2023687034","https://openalex.org/W2025700486","https://openalex.org/W2025914996","https://openalex.org/W2029123435","https://openalex.org/W2035519409","https://openalex.org/W2036055923","https://openalex.org/W2040900804","https://openalex.org/W2041496338","https://openalex.org/W2046830558","https://openalex.org/W2054563706","https://openalex.org/W2055949897","https://openalex.org/W2062020999","https://openalex.org/W2064330644","https://openalex.org/W2068430427","https://openalex.org/W2074218040","https://openalex.org/W2078619945","https://openalex.org/W2079758386","https://openalex.org/W2083221797","https://openalex.org/W2084085041","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2087614022","https://openalex.org/W2088117279","https://openalex.org/W2093995814","https://openalex.org/W2094764356","https://openalex.org/W2097283422","https://openalex.org/W2097883090","https://openalex.org/W2099919734","https://openalex.org/W2101227285","https://openalex.org/W2104107939","https://openalex.org/W2104329051","https://openalex.org/W2105300539","https://openalex.org/W2107323945","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2110431240","https://openalex.org/W2114124859","https://openalex.org/W2117319361","https://openalex.org/W2122519137","https://openalex.org/W2123704085","https://openalex.org/W2132887549","https://openalex.org/W2136706100","https://openalex.org/W2138900513","https://openalex.org/W2139855137","https://openalex.org/W2142481192","https://openalex.org/W2143637886","https://openalex.org/W2146338950","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2153054327","https://openalex.org/W2154446978","https://openalex.org/W2157353183","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2160538621","https://openalex.org/W2168032895","https://openalex.org/W2169171327","https://openalex.org/W2170729527","https://openalex.org/W2179438935","https://openalex.org/W2179590804","https://openalex.org/W2192239100","https://openalex.org/W2203366176","https://openalex.org/W2212842498","https://openalex.org/W2242800359","https://openalex.org/W2276400542","https://openalex.org/W2294216830","https://openalex.org/W2301233168","https://openalex.org/W2312398278","https://openalex.org/W2318757295","https://openalex.org/W2338571852","https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2385483600","https://openalex.org/W2399345145","https://openalex.org/W2401031807","https://openalex.org/W2471353105","https://openalex.org/W2476464413","https://openalex.org/W2481490742","https://openalex.org/W2504360466","https://openalex.org/W2508189139","https://openalex.org/W2509913888","https://openalex.org/W2512479215","https://openalex.org/W2515510560","https://openalex.org/W2518085703","https://openalex.org/W2522788916","https://openalex.org/W2528981572","https://openalex.org/W2529236184","https://openalex.org/W2540179803","https://openalex.org/W2541219092","https://openalex.org/W2543851504","https://openalex.org/W2554066229","https://openalex.org/W2559874352","https://openalex.org/W2563627219","https://openalex.org/W2565976705","https://openalex.org/W2588585112","https://openalex.org/W2589104578","https://openalex.org/W2605594016","https://openalex.org/W2735995639","https://openalex.org/W2741694761","https://openalex.org/W2744611928","https://openalex.org/W2748169822","https://openalex.org/W2766521509","https://openalex.org/W2807807495","https://openalex.org/W4239249613","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4299627282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043432080","https://openalex.org/W4317600379","https://openalex.org/W3106528173","https://openalex.org/W2397087612","https://openalex.org/W4385059327","https://openalex.org/W153340049","https://openalex.org/W2803417426","https://openalex.org/W2371116970","https://openalex.org/W2802138742","https://openalex.org/W561355174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background.":[0],"Recent":[1],"years":[2],"have":[3,35,68,87,216,264],"seen":[4],"an":[5],"increasing":[6],"interest":[7],"in":[8,73,76,90,97,116,171,203,231,255,290],"cross-project":[9,206],"defect":[10,17,74,98,124,172,207],"prediction":[11,18,41,75,99,125,173,200,208,218,247],"(CPDP),":[12],"which":[13,130],"aims":[14],"to":[15,24,65,82,120,163,224,287],"apply":[16],"models":[19,34,52,61,104,178,215,230,279,286],"built":[20],"on":[21,168],"source":[22,138],"projects":[23],"a":[25,29,39,70,142,151,165,217,291],"target":[26,118,293],"project.":[27,294],"Currently,":[28],"variety":[30],"of":[31,48,226],"(complex)":[32],"CPDP":[33,51,103,177,229,256,285],"been":[36,265],"proposed":[37,237],"with":[38],"promising":[40],"performance.":[42],"Problem.":[43],"Most,":[44],"if":[45,245],"not":[46,54,132,258],"all,":[47],"the":[49,77,91,95,101,117,160,169,175,180,186,193,199,204,227,232,246,250,252,277],"existing":[50,102,176,228],"are":[53,63],"compared":[55],"against":[56],"those":[57],"simple":[58,106,123,181,212],"module":[59,107,114,144,153,182,213],"size":[60,108,115,183,214],"that":[62,270],"easy":[64],"implement":[66],"and":[67,105,128,179,197],"shown":[69],"good":[71],"performance":[72,96,170,195,201,219,248],"literature.":[78],"Objective.":[79],"We":[80,111,267],"aim":[81],"investigate":[83],"how":[84],"far":[85],"we":[86,158],"really":[88],"progressed":[89],"journey":[92],"by":[93],"comparing":[94],"between":[100,174],"models.":[109,238],"Method.":[110],"first":[112],"use":[113],"project":[119],"build":[121],"two":[122],"models,":[126],"ManualDown":[127,140],"ManualUp,":[129],"do":[131],"require":[133],"any":[134],"training":[135],"data":[136,190],"from":[137],"projects.":[139],"considers":[141,150],"larger":[143],"as":[145,154,261,276],"more":[146,155],"defect-prone,":[147],"while":[148],"ManualUp":[149],"smaller":[152],"defect-prone.":[156],"Then,":[157],"take":[159],"following":[161],"measures":[162],"ensure":[164],"fair":[166],"comparison":[167,281],"models:":[184],"using":[185,192,198],"same":[187,194],"publicly":[188],"available":[189],"sets,":[191],"indicators,":[196],"reported":[202],"original":[205],"studies.":[209],"Result.":[210],"The":[211,240],"comparable":[220],"or":[221],"even":[222],"superior":[223],"most":[225],"literature,":[233],"including":[234],"many":[235],"newly":[236],"Conclusion.":[239],"results":[241],"caution":[242],"us":[243],"that,":[244],"is":[249,257],"goal,":[251],"real":[253],"progress":[254],"being":[259],"achieved":[260],"it":[262],"might":[263],"envisaged.":[266],"hence":[268],"recommend":[269],"future":[271],"studies":[272],"should":[273],"include":[274],"ManualDown/ManualUp":[275],"baseline":[278],"for":[280],"when":[282],"developing":[283],"new":[284],"predict":[288],"defects":[289],"complete":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}