{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2512940382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658","title":"A Survey on Routing in Anonymous Communication Protocols","display_name":"A Survey on Routing in Anonymous Communication Protocols","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2512940382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658","mag":"2512940382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3182658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/626536","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072594139","display_name":"Fatemeh Shirazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Shirazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, ESAT/COSIC and imec, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, ESAT/COSIC and imec, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068686265","display_name":"Milivoj Simeonovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milivoj Simeonovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA, Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA, Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074245801","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Asghar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-376X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Asghar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Foundry, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Foundry, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004014878","display_name":"Michael Backes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-6400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Backes","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center i.G., Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center i.G., Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070736841","display_name":"Claudia D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-7123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, ESAT/COSIC and imec, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, ESAT/COSIC and imec, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072594139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97190107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8324505090713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5928146243095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5137818455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4494851529598236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4456782042980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4345972239971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.39949268102645874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8324505090713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5928146243095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5137818455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4494851529598236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4456782042980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4345972239971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39949268102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3182658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/626536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/626536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acm Computing Surveys, vol. 51 (3), Art.No. 51","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/626536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/626536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acm Computing Surveys, vol. 51 (3), Art.No. 51","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1642442736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-DS-2014-653497 PANORAMIX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1831416977","display_name":"Privacy and Accountability in Networks via Optimized Randomized Mix-nets","funder_award_id":"653497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G21788768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"610150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352791218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(BMBF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4819925393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ: 16KIS0345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623747552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CISPA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7225624288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"This work was","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13552234","https://openalex.org/W39374552","https://openalex.org/W76901472","https://openalex.org/W278760476","https://openalex.org/W1450140837","https://openalex.org/W1479826276","https://openalex.org/W1482828962","https://openalex.org/W1494403360","https://openalex.org/W1494538302","https://openalex.org/W1494929562","https://openalex.org/W1496788055","https://openalex.org/W1518119787","https://openalex.org/W1519588957","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1524103604","https://openalex.org/W1528143466","https://openalex.org/W1542162318","https://openalex.org/W1545174125","https://openalex.org/W1557418999","https://openalex.org/W1564775601","https://openalex.org/W1579155438","https://openalex.org/W1582462706","https://openalex.org/W1584504301","https://openalex.org/W1590015132","https://openalex.org/W1590460391","https://openalex.org/W1601454324","https://openalex.org/W1603537120","https://openalex.org/W1604746990","https://openalex.org/W1606058619","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1769920533","https://openalex.org/W1779054061","https://openalex.org/W1810963314","https://openalex.org/W1828167136","https://openalex.org/W1829786294","https://openalex.org/W1834982738","https://openalex.org/W1848243523","https://openalex.org/W1869319442","https://openalex.org/W1894333397","https://openalex.org/W1902515908","https://openalex.org/W1952958290","https://openalex.org/W1969314716","https://openalex.org/W1978884755","https://openalex.org/W1991706615","https://openalex.org/W1992562179","https://openalex.org/W1995885288","https://openalex.org/W1997601204","https://openalex.org/W2002421583","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2011158884","https://openalex.org/W2011441851","https://openalex.org/W2016478254","https://openalex.org/W2022986388","https://openalex.org/W2031925412","https://openalex.org/W2041221349","https://openalex.org/W2043377702","https://openalex.org/W2045949885","https://openalex.org/W2048268288","https://openalex.org/W2059889410","https://openalex.org/W2061867775","https://openalex.org/W2062970879","https://openalex.org/W2064680222","https://openalex.org/W2065008051","https://openalex.org/W2071294844","https://openalex.org/W2075638348","https://openalex.org/W2076282258","https://openalex.org/W2078813897","https://openalex.org/W2081307968","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2099858845","https://openalex.org/W2102795810","https://openalex.org/W2103299932","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2109990137","https://openalex.org/W2110826844","https://openalex.org/W2111884550","https://openalex.org/W2118073066","https://openalex.org/W2119245106","https://openalex.org/W2122281733","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2128540334","https://openalex.org/W2128678576","https://openalex.org/W2128735745","https://openalex.org/W2132255584","https://openalex.org/W2136478214","https://openalex.org/W2138683822","https://openalex.org/W2144381381","https://openalex.org/W2146178154","https://openalex.org/W2147587452","https://openalex.org/W2148098489","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2151824907","https://openalex.org/W2155940963","https://openalex.org/W2156293682","https://openalex.org/W2156410527","https://openalex.org/W2158049821","https://openalex.org/W2161721751","https://openalex.org/W2163007546","https://openalex.org/W2163598690","https://openalex.org/W2163674653","https://openalex.org/W2167200286","https://openalex.org/W2167668749","https://openalex.org/W2167898414","https://openalex.org/W2167969546","https://openalex.org/W2171957559","https://openalex.org/W2174507869","https://openalex.org/W2181796330","https://openalex.org/W2189469435","https://openalex.org/W2221045997","https://openalex.org/W2296480863","https://openalex.org/W2296524832","https://openalex.org/W2479746329","https://openalex.org/W2484933080","https://openalex.org/W2521935971","https://openalex.org/W2525359697","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2784466404","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2936646044","https://openalex.org/W3160110679","https://openalex.org/W3193273449","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4285201139","https://openalex.org/W2604876367","https://openalex.org/W2954140889","https://openalex.org/W3015944302","https://openalex.org/W3107196699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"has":[2,31,38,61],"undergone":[3],"dramatic":[4],"changes":[5],"in":[6,56],"the":[7,89,92],"past":[8],"2":[9],"decades":[10],"and":[11,74,82],"now":[12],"forms":[13],"a":[14,52],"global":[15],"communication":[16,60,97],"platform":[17],"that":[18],"billions":[19],"of":[20,95],"users":[21],"rely":[22],"on":[23,71],"for":[24,58,77],"their":[25],"daily":[26],"activities.":[27],"While":[28],"this":[29,65],"transformation":[30],"brought":[32],"tremendous":[33],"benefits":[34],"to":[35,43],"society,":[36],"it":[37],"also":[39],"created":[40],"new":[41],"threats":[42],"online":[44],"privacy,":[45],"such":[46],"as":[47],"omnipotent":[48],"governmental":[49],"surveillance.":[50],"As":[51],"result,":[53],"public":[54],"interest":[55],"systems":[57,76],"anonymous":[59,78,96],"drastically":[62],"increased.":[63],"In":[64],"work,":[66],"we":[67],"survey":[68],"previous":[69],"research":[70],"designing,":[72],"developing,":[73],"deploying":[75],"communication.":[79],"Our":[80],"taxonomy":[81],"comparative":[83],"assessment":[84],"provide":[85],"important":[86],"insights":[87],"about":[88],"differences":[90],"between":[91],"existing":[93],"classes":[94],"protocols.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
