{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789091536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186014","title":"Semantics and Complexity of GraphQL","display_name":"Semantics and Complexity of GraphQL","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789091536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186014","mag":"2789091536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186014","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186014&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web  - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186014&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022300272","display_name":"Olaf Hartig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Hartig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058133910","display_name":"Jorge Eduardo P\u00e9rez P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-7869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022300272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6804,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96301071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1155","last_page":"1164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094916939735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.566107988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5090603232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.49506035447120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.4671221375465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4274527430534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4149044156074524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094916939735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.566107988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5090603232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49506035447120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.4671221375465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4274527430534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4149044156074524}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186014","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186014&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web  - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186014","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186014&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web  - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322225","display_name":"Link\u00f6pings Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324389","display_name":"Instituto Millenium","ror":"https://ror.org/05bcewb51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2789091536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2789091536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52840101","https://openalex.org/W1506378440","https://openalex.org/W1579803282","https://openalex.org/W1985598531","https://openalex.org/W1989783863","https://openalex.org/W2004485491","https://openalex.org/W2035037959","https://openalex.org/W2035744833","https://openalex.org/W2077814962","https://openalex.org/W2346099666","https://openalex.org/W2474406810","https://openalex.org/W2534244659","https://openalex.org/W2605194845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2744553356","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2002978035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GraphQL":[0,68,99,125,155,194,219],"is":[1,102],"a":[2,12,25,72,120,124,135,154,179,193],"recently":[3],"proposed,":[4],"and":[5,55,81,127],"increasingly":[6],"adopted,":[7],"conceptual":[8],"framework":[9,23],"for":[10,161],"providing":[11],"new":[13,26],"type":[14],"of":[15,43,47,57,67,97,138,153,192],"data":[16,74],"access":[17],"interface":[18],"on":[19,52,71,204,221],"the":[20,40,44,48,53,65,79,95,98,108,129,151,189,209,222],"Web.":[21,223],"The":[22],"includes":[24],"graph":[27],"query":[28,126],"language":[29,80],"whose":[30],"semantics":[31,66],"has":[32,38],"been":[33],"specified":[34],"informally":[35],"only.":[36],"This":[37,117],"prevented":[39],"formal":[41],"study":[42,56],"main":[45],"properties":[46],"language.":[49],"We":[50,165,177],"embark":[51],"formalization":[54],"GraphQL.":[58],"To":[59],"this":[60,175,184],"end,":[61],"we":[62,77,92,105,148],"first":[63],"formalize":[64],"queries":[69],"based":[70],"labeled-graph":[73],"model.":[75],"Thereafter,":[76],"analyze":[78],"show":[82,106],"that":[83,94,107,119,150,169,188],"it":[84],"admits":[85],"really":[86],"efficient":[87],"evaluation":[88,100],"methods.":[89],"In":[90],"particular,":[91],"prove":[93,149],"complexity":[96],"problem":[101,110,185],"NL-complete.":[103],"Moreover,":[104],"enumeration":[109,211],"can":[111,122,196,212],"be":[112,158,197],"solved":[113],"with":[114,183],"constant":[115,136],"delay.":[116],"implies":[118],"server":[121],"answer":[123],"send":[128],"response":[130,156,195],"byte-by-byte":[131],"while":[132],"spending":[133],"just":[134],"amount":[137],"time":[139],"between":[140],"every":[141],"byte":[142],"sent.":[143],"Despite":[144],"these":[145],"positive":[146],"results,":[147],"size":[152,191,206],"might":[157],"prohibitively":[159],"large":[160],"an":[162],"internet":[163],"scenario.":[164],"present":[166],"experiments":[167],"showing":[168,187],"current":[170],"practical":[171],"implementations":[172],"suffer":[173],"from":[174],"issue.":[176],"provide":[178,216],"solution":[180],"to":[181,215],"cope":[182],"by":[186],"total":[190],"computed":[198],"in":[199],"polynomial":[200],"time.":[201],"Our":[202],"results":[203],"polynomial-time":[205],"computation":[207],"plus":[208],"constant-delay":[210],"help":[213],"developers":[214],"more":[217],"robust":[218],"interfaces":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}