{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2788653116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186004","title":"Never-Ending Learning for Open-Domain Question Answering over Knowledge Bases","display_name":"Never-Ending Learning for Open-Domain Question Answering over Knowledge Bases","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2788653116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186004","mag":"2788653116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186004","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186004&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186004&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014648332","display_name":"Abdalghani Abujabal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdalghani Abujabal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042165238","display_name":"Rishiraj Saha Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishiraj Saha Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087929673","display_name":"Mohamed Yahya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bloomberg L.P., London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bloomberg L.P., London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135366","display_name":"Gerhard Weikum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-6098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Weikum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014648332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2682,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97594165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1053","last_page":"1062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8831831812858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7453457117080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5301908850669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.5076273679733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.4947344958782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4910857677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.48152098059654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47440147399902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47267207503318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4580932557582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.4420918822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4376477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.428437739610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40983861684799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24715250730514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1882716417312622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8831831812858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7453457117080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5301908850669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.5076273679733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.4947344958782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4910857677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.48152098059654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47440147399902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47267207503318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4580932557582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.4420918822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4376477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.428437739610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40983861684799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24715250730514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1882716417312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186004","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186004&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:2583659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-3C91-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3178876.3186004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186004","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3186004&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '18","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788653116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788653116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84343632","https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W580074167","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1554394657","https://openalex.org/W1564163720","https://openalex.org/W1572535120","https://openalex.org/W1646084575","https://openalex.org/W1894439495","https://openalex.org/W1970875273","https://openalex.org/W1980095184","https://openalex.org/W1981419611","https://openalex.org/W2000411838","https://openalex.org/W2011442902","https://openalex.org/W2011992920","https://openalex.org/W2019971182","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2024888189","https://openalex.org/W2032374895","https://openalex.org/W2035363410","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2068737686","https://openalex.org/W2072692647","https://openalex.org/W2090243146","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2099391294","https://openalex.org/W2104428806","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2110207985","https://openalex.org/W2115758952","https://openalex.org/W2125771191","https://openalex.org/W2131726681","https://openalex.org/W2134131174","https://openalex.org/W2144886574","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2150621701","https://openalex.org/W2151149636","https://openalex.org/W2156621282","https://openalex.org/W2162355876","https://openalex.org/W2163561827","https://openalex.org/W2250225488","https://openalex.org/W2250861254","https://openalex.org/W2251079237","https://openalex.org/W2251289180","https://openalex.org/W2251673953","https://openalex.org/W2251957808","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2252143362","https://openalex.org/W2252231772","https://openalex.org/W2269075722","https://openalex.org/W2270499809","https://openalex.org/W2295522710","https://openalex.org/W2302963717","https://openalex.org/W2341824259","https://openalex.org/W2399699053","https://openalex.org/W2572289264","https://openalex.org/W2573462507","https://openalex.org/W2578241483","https://openalex.org/W2591368218","https://openalex.org/W2604700701","https://openalex.org/W2611818442","https://openalex.org/W2949992281","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2964193163","https://openalex.org/W2964212344","https://openalex.org/W3126976873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391533720","https://openalex.org/W2951097643","https://openalex.org/W4309395021","https://openalex.org/W3091989500","https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W204133468","https://openalex.org/W2991310128","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W2395174199","https://openalex.org/W4226441484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Translating":[0],"natural":[1],"language":[2,170],"questions":[3,77,132,192],"to":[4,60,103,166,168,190],"semantic":[5,104,128],"representations":[6],"such":[7,52],"as":[8],"SPARQL":[9],"is":[10,37,46,67,118],"a":[11,26,35,61,89,107,127],"core":[12],"challenge":[13],"in":[14,182],"open-domain":[15],"question":[16],"answering":[17,183],"over":[18,185],"knowledge":[19],"bases":[20],"(KB-QA).":[21],"Existing":[22],"methods":[23,53],"rely":[24],"on":[25,76,120],"clear":[27],"separation":[28],"between":[29,131],"an":[30,40],"offline":[31],"training":[32,64,111],"phase,":[33],"where":[34,43,122],"model":[36,45],"learned,":[38],"and":[39,72,133,187],"online":[41],"phase":[42],"this":[44,85],"deployed.":[47],"Two":[48],"major":[49],"shortcomings":[50],"of":[51,110,137],"are":[54,124],"that":[55,66,145],"(i)":[56],"they":[57,74],"require":[58],"access":[59],"large":[62],"annotated":[63],"set":[65],"not":[68],"always":[69],"readily":[70],"available":[71],"(ii)":[73],"fail":[75],"from":[78,106,193],"before-unseen":[79],"domains.":[80,195],"To":[81],"overcome":[82],"these":[83],"limitations,":[84],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"NEQA,":[88],"continuous":[90,116],"learning":[91,117],"paradigm":[92],"for":[93],"KB-QA.":[94],"Offline,":[95],"NEQA":[96,141,152,158],"automatically":[97],"learns":[98,142],"templates":[99,123,144],"mapping":[100],"syntactic":[101,148],"structures":[102],"ones":[105],"small":[108],"number":[109],"question-answer":[112],"pairs.":[113],"Once":[114],"deployed,":[115],"triggered":[119],"cases":[121],"insufficient.":[125],"Using":[126],"similarity":[129],"function":[130],"by":[134],"judicious":[135],"invocation":[136],"non-expert":[138],"user":[139],"feedback,":[140],"new":[143,194],"capture":[146],"previously-unseen":[147],"structures.":[149],"This":[150],"way,":[151],"gradually":[153],"extends":[154],"its":[155,161],"template":[156],"repository.":[157],"periodically":[159],"re-trains":[160],"underlying":[162],"models,":[163],"allowing":[164],"it":[165],"adapt":[167],"the":[169,188],"used":[171],"after":[172],"deployment.":[173],"Our":[174],"experiments":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"NEQA's":[177],"viability,":[178],"with":[179],"steady":[180],"improvement":[181],"quality":[184],"time,":[186],"ability":[189],"answer":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}