{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794292644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3170358.3170386","title":"Gaze insights into debugging behavior using learner-centred analysis","display_name":"Gaze insights into debugging behavior using learner-centred analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794292644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3170358.3170386","mag":"2794292644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3170358.3170386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3170358.3170386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2596223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028025708","display_name":"Katerina Mangaroska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina Mangaroska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000491132","display_name":"Kshitij Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-637X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshitij Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de, Lausanne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de, Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029977269","display_name":"Michail N. Giannakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Giannakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113444830","display_name":"Hallvard Tr\u00e6tteberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hallvard Tr\u00e6tteberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083821830","display_name":"Pierre Dillenbourg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Dillenbourg","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de, Lausanne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de, Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"350","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7817599773406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7639811038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7212332487106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.7165584564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6887387633323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5836780071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.5344620943069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirroring","display_name":"Mirroring","score":0.5214794874191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4944438934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4256457984447479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.30579817295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28164616227149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17590704560279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.134306401014328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7817599773406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7639811038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7212332487106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.7165584564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6887387633323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5836780071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5344620943069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.5214794874191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4944438934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4256457984447479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.30579817295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28164616227149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17590704560279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.134306401014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3170358.3170386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3170358.3170386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2596223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2596223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2596223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2596223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643447318","https://openalex.org/W1605078751","https://openalex.org/W1688595998","https://openalex.org/W1966036881","https://openalex.org/W1978755715","https://openalex.org/W1983493774","https://openalex.org/W1983561474","https://openalex.org/W1985270055","https://openalex.org/W1995571854","https://openalex.org/W1995787961","https://openalex.org/W1997052437","https://openalex.org/W2025052648","https://openalex.org/W2028681481","https://openalex.org/W2032365340","https://openalex.org/W2033387277","https://openalex.org/W2034688095","https://openalex.org/W2034717248","https://openalex.org/W2066186092","https://openalex.org/W2078251144","https://openalex.org/W2085710993","https://openalex.org/W2086870514","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2095742734","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2117215831","https://openalex.org/W2132570890","https://openalex.org/W2133106300","https://openalex.org/W2139357690","https://openalex.org/W2145991994","https://openalex.org/W2150497272","https://openalex.org/W2151592910","https://openalex.org/W2154058508","https://openalex.org/W2156598334","https://openalex.org/W2164506243","https://openalex.org/W2165771205","https://openalex.org/W2300494515","https://openalex.org/W2515518348","https://openalex.org/W2586957729","https://openalex.org/W2602559265","https://openalex.org/W2619369406","https://openalex.org/W2752845177","https://openalex.org/W2810098674","https://openalex.org/W2863711134","https://openalex.org/W4235924712","https://openalex.org/W6679943596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081134829","https://openalex.org/W2012196799","https://openalex.org/W2914953798","https://openalex.org/W2016936103","https://openalex.org/W2551163313","https://openalex.org/W1969752774","https://openalex.org/W2294049764","https://openalex.org/W2108584188","https://openalex.org/W1980969160","https://openalex.org/W2105212949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,103],"presented":[1,78],"study":[2,38],"tries":[3],"to":[4,19,40,44,100,109],"tackle":[5],"an":[6],"intriguing":[7],"question":[8],"of":[9,36,48,62,94,126,133],"how":[10,108],"user-generated":[11],"data":[12,114],"from":[13],"current":[14],"technologies":[15],"can":[16],"be":[17],"used":[18],"reinforce":[20],"learners'":[21],"reflections,":[22],"improve":[23],"teaching":[24],"practices,":[25],"and":[26,83,90,136],"close":[27],"the":[28,34,37,46,76,80,131],"learning":[29,138],"analytics":[30,129],"loop.":[31],"In":[32],"particular,":[33],"aim":[35],"is":[39],"utilize":[41],"users'":[42],"gaze":[43,120],"examine":[45],"role":[47],"a":[49,66,106,116],"mirroring":[50],"tool":[51],"(i.e.":[52],"Exercise":[53,81],"View":[54,82],"in":[55,57,65,79],"Eclipse)":[56],"orchestrating":[58],"basic":[59],"behavioral":[60],"regulation":[61],"participants":[63],"engaged":[64],"debugging":[67],"task.":[68],"results":[70],"demonstrated":[71],"that":[72,122],"students":[73],"who":[74,98],"processed":[75],"information":[77],"acted":[84],"upon":[85],"it,":[86],"improved":[87],"their":[88],"performance":[89],"achieved":[91],"higher":[92],"level":[93],"success":[95],"than":[96],"those":[97],"failed":[99],"do":[101],"it.":[102],"findings":[104],"shed":[105],"light":[107],"capture":[110],"what":[111],"constitute":[112],"relevant":[113],"within":[115],"particular":[117],"context":[118],"using":[119],"patterns,":[121],"could":[123],"guide":[124],"collection":[125],"essential":[127],"learner-centred":[128],"for":[130],"purpose":[132],"designing":[134],"usable":[135],"modular":[137],"environments":[139],"based":[140],"on":[141],"data-driven":[142],"approaches.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
