{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807850020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158226","title":"Evaluation and Refinement of Clustered Search Results with the Crowd","display_name":"Evaluation and Refinement of Clustered Search Results with the Crowd","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807850020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158226","mag":"2807850020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158226","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158226","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037569091","display_name":"Amy X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy X. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033428202","display_name":"Jilin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070561629","display_name":"Wei Koong Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-5465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110732165","display_name":"Jinjun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079085366","display_name":"Lichan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9563-554X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028125399","display_name":"Ed H.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-5338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed CHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83123755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.787562370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7525777220726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6851361393928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6128270626068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5681256651878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5564522743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.5034763216972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4730260372161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46995165944099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.4596606492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.34390637278556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.295302152633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17468205094337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07368317246437073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.787562370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7525777220726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6851361393928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6128270626068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5681256651878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5564522743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.5034763216972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4730260372161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46995165944099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.4596606492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.34390637278556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.295302152633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17468205094337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07368317246437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158226","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158226","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807850020.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807850020.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537696678","https://openalex.org/W1573900212","https://openalex.org/W1911845565","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1996764654","https://openalex.org/W2009681737","https://openalex.org/W2016196732","https://openalex.org/W2037802158","https://openalex.org/W2043747172","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2054274648","https://openalex.org/W2063782051","https://openalex.org/W2066073289","https://openalex.org/W2074449313","https://openalex.org/W2087382273","https://openalex.org/W2093044076","https://openalex.org/W2095478124","https://openalex.org/W2120396827","https://openalex.org/W2121996546","https://openalex.org/W2127008633","https://openalex.org/W2143280940","https://openalex.org/W2147159144","https://openalex.org/W2152818382","https://openalex.org/W2155291008","https://openalex.org/W2164061616","https://openalex.org/W2171040110","https://openalex.org/W2320357083","https://openalex.org/W2398018337","https://openalex.org/W2585401086","https://openalex.org/W2595494611","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4241122026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533706070","https://openalex.org/W2184474188","https://openalex.org/W3094024929","https://openalex.org/W2547614144","https://openalex.org/W2066869521","https://openalex.org/W2105258824","https://openalex.org/W3210975432","https://openalex.org/W2136530748","https://openalex.org/W2321599862","https://openalex.org/W2099768249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"searching":[1],"on":[2,197],"the":[3,30,86,162,171,175,178,185,203,227,233],"web":[4],"or":[5,28],"in":[6,50,184,242],"an":[7,59],"app,":[8],"results":[9,43,88,125,149,213],"are":[10,64],"often":[11,65],"returned":[12],"as":[13,214],"lists":[14],"of":[15,19,32,66,102,138,146,164,208,217,235],"hundreds":[16],"to":[17,26,40,99,114,120,142,159,169,188],"thousands":[18],"items,":[20],"making":[21],"it":[22],"difficult":[23],"for":[24,61,89,150],"users":[25],"understand":[27],"navigate":[29],"space":[31],"results.":[33],"Research":[34],"has":[35,177],"demonstrated":[36],"that":[37,95,132,226,245],"using":[38,110,135],"clustering":[39,140],"partition":[41],"search":[42,78,91,103,124,148,167,200,212],"into":[44],"coherent,":[45],"topical":[46],"clusters":[47,56,119,241],"can":[48],"aid":[49],"both":[51],"exploration":[52],"and":[53,69,84,117,181,219,238,249],"discovery.":[54],"Yet":[55],"generated":[57],"by":[58,134,221],"algorithm":[60],"this":[62,106,195],"purpose":[63],"poor":[67],"quality":[68,163],"do":[70],"not":[71,97],"satisfy":[72],"users.":[73],"To":[74],"achieve":[75],"acceptable":[76],"clustered":[77,87,123,147,166,211],"results,":[79],"experts":[80,248],"must":[81],"manually":[82],"evaluate":[83,194],"refine":[85],"each":[90,165],"query,":[92],"a":[93,130,136,144,151,190,215,243],"process":[94],"does":[96],"scale":[98],"large":[100],"numbers":[101],"queries.":[104],"In":[105],"article,":[107],"we":[108,155],"investigate":[109],"crowd-based":[111],"human":[112],"evaluation":[113,234],"inspect,":[115],"evaluate,":[116],"improve":[118],"create":[121],"high-quality":[122],"at":[126,231],"scale.":[127],"We":[128,193],"introduce":[129],"workflow":[131,176,196,228],"begins":[133],"collection":[137],"well-known":[139],"algorithms":[141],"produce":[143,189],"set":[145],"given":[152],"query.":[153],"Then,":[154],"use":[156],"crowd":[157,179],"workers":[158],"holistically":[160],"assess":[161],"result":[168,187,216],"find":[170],"best":[172,186],"one.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"spot":[180],"fix":[182],"problems":[183],"final":[191],"output.":[192],"120":[198],"top":[199],"queries":[201],"from":[202],"Google":[204],"Play":[205],"Store,":[206],"some":[207],"whom":[209],"have":[210],"evaluations":[218,224],"refinements":[220],"experts.":[222],"Our":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"is":[229],"effective":[230],"reproducing":[232],"expert":[236],"judges":[237],"also":[239],"improves":[240],"way":[244],"agrees":[246],"with":[247],"crowds":[250],"alike.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}