{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2777404089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158134","title":"Why is random testing effective for partition tolerance bugs?","display_name":"Why is random testing effective for partition tolerance bugs?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2777404089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158134","mag":"2777404089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158134","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158134?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158134?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081010207","display_name":"Rupak Majumdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupak Majumdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072101985","display_name":"Filip Niksic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Niksic","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86066441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"POPL","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.816347599029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.6720353960990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.617196798324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5498790144920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5134950280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enumeration","display_name":"Enumeration","score":0.47763481736183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36441415548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.361183226108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.3280947506427765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3009834885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.1912516951560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.12448608875274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11782592535018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11606156826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1032693088054657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.816347599029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.6720353960990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.617196798324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5498790144920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5134950280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156340839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2704791","display_name":"Enumeration","level":2,"score":0.47763481736183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36441415548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.361183226108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.3280947506427765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3009834885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1912516951560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12448608875274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11782592535018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11606156826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1032693088054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158134","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158134?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3158134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3158134","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3158134?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W254054960","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1589238783","https://openalex.org/W1591717411","https://openalex.org/W1598176185","https://openalex.org/W1600293573","https://openalex.org/W1834470623","https://openalex.org/W1847696060","https://openalex.org/W1877700846","https://openalex.org/W1993022201","https://openalex.org/W2015688007","https://openalex.org/W2023718005","https://openalex.org/W2029948740","https://openalex.org/W2047899424","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2065341612","https://openalex.org/W2068871408","https://openalex.org/W2091776255","https://openalex.org/W2095135670","https://openalex.org/W2098502274","https://openalex.org/W2106305745","https://openalex.org/W2110852599","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2160083957","https://openalex.org/W2165621523","https://openalex.org/W2167814583","https://openalex.org/W2224230333","https://openalex.org/W2268325898","https://openalex.org/W2273057198","https://openalex.org/W2292447407","https://openalex.org/W2325654786","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2914015934","https://openalex.org/W3126547945","https://openalex.org/W4253392831","https://openalex.org/W4254906220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125539770","https://openalex.org/W2147116815","https://openalex.org/W2350056545","https://openalex.org/W2527390967","https://openalex.org/W2102816555","https://openalex.org/W139286382","https://openalex.org/W3155744979","https://openalex.org/W2405583496","https://openalex.org/W2547155723","https://openalex.org/W4295918990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"testing":[1,58,130,191,220],"has":[2],"proven":[3],"to":[4,9,142],"be":[5,224],"an":[6,121],"effective":[7,148],"way":[8],"catch":[10],"bugs":[11,36,126],"in":[12,15,59,131,149,204,226],"distributed":[13,133],"systems":[14],"the":[16,26,35,54,69,174],"presence":[17],"of":[18,28,44,53,56,94,124,138,162,206,218],"network":[19,143,207],"partition":[20,144,208],"faults.":[21,47],"This":[22],"is":[23,32],"surprising,":[24],"as":[25],"space":[27],"potentially":[29],"faulty":[30],"executions":[31],"enormous,":[33],"and":[34,46,222],"depend":[37],"on":[38,120,173],"a":[39,50,65,78,82,90,170,177,181,213],"subtle":[40],"interplay":[41],"between":[42],"sequences":[43],"operations":[45],"We":[48],"provide":[49],"theoretical":[51],"justification":[52],"effectiveness":[55],"random":[57,79,129,178,190,219],"this":[60],"context.":[61],"First,":[62],"we":[63,104,135,153,165,167,200],"show":[64,105,154],"general":[66,185],"construction,":[67],"using":[68,155],"probabilistic":[70],"method":[71],"from":[72],"combinatorics,":[73],"that":[74,76,106,158,176],"shows":[75],"whenever":[77],"test":[80,111,139,163,179],"covers":[81,180],"fixed":[83],"coverage":[84,98,140,164],"goal":[85],"with":[86,99],"sufficiently":[87],"high":[88,100],"probability,":[89],"small":[91],"randomly-chosen":[92],"set":[93],"tests":[95],"achieves":[96],"full":[97],"probability.":[101],"In":[102],"particular,":[103],"our":[107,202,210],"construction":[108,186,211],"can":[109,168,223],"give":[110],"sets":[112],"exponentially":[113],"smaller":[114],"than":[115],"systematic":[116],"enumeration.":[117],"Second,":[118],"based":[119],"empirical":[122],"study":[123],"many":[125],"found":[127],"by":[128],"production":[132],"systems,":[134],"introduce":[136],"notions":[137,161],"relating":[141],"faults":[145],"which":[146],"are":[147],"finding":[150],"bugs.":[151],"Finally,":[152],"combinatorial":[156],"arguments":[157],"for":[159],"these":[160],"introduce,":[166],"find":[169,197],"lower":[171],"bound":[172],"probability":[175],"given":[182],"goal.":[183],"Our":[184],"then":[187],"explains":[188],"why":[189],"tools":[192],"achieve":[193],"good":[194],"coverage---and":[195],"hence,":[196],"bugs---quickly.":[198],"While":[199],"formulate":[201],"results":[203],"terms":[205],"faults,":[209],"provides":[212],"step":[214],"towards":[215],"rigorous":[216],"analysis":[217],"algorithms,":[221],"applicable":[225],"other":[227],"scenarios.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}