{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782235253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3156018","title":"Conditioning in Probabilistic Programming","display_name":"Conditioning in Probabilistic Programming","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782235253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3156018","mag":"2782235253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3156018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3156018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009421242","display_name":"Federico Olmedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-6483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Olmedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Chile, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Chile, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026328130","display_name":"Friedrich Gretz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich Gretz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bosch Corporate Research, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bosch Corporate Research, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012669709","display_name":"Nils Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045667283","display_name":"Benjamin Lucien Kaminski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-2324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lucien Kaminski","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090819329","display_name":"Joost-Pieter Katoen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost-Pieter Katoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035107880","display_name":"Annabelle McIver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annabelle Mciver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009421242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8473,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94236743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8078063130378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7274949550628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.7145284414291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.6708439588546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.566150426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5436481833457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditioning","display_name":"Conditioning","score":0.5223299860954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4614950120449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-transformation","display_name":"Program transformation","score":0.4606037735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4085562825202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2954307794570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13731247186660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10953295230865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0705767273902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8078063130378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7274949550628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7145284414291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.6708439588546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.566150426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5436481833457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45262634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159291","display_name":"Conditioning","level":2,"score":0.5223299860954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4614950120449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.4606037735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4085562825202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2954307794570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13731247186660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10953295230865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0705767273902893}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3156018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3156018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/182251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 40, 1 - 50","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/182251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/182251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 40, 1 - 50","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312064","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/056tb7j80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320591","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2782235253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2782235253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72346910","https://openalex.org/W88990729","https://openalex.org/W130710483","https://openalex.org/W225106791","https://openalex.org/W1410173981","https://openalex.org/W1484903112","https://openalex.org/W1491152510","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1503860275","https://openalex.org/W1511826042","https://openalex.org/W1527704738","https://openalex.org/W1559166296","https://openalex.org/W1561218590","https://openalex.org/W1595069411","https://openalex.org/W1729037535","https://openalex.org/W1734364899","https://openalex.org/W1748927325","https://openalex.org/W1796931464","https://openalex.org/W1970904244","https://openalex.org/W1978939595","https://openalex.org/W1985093013","https://openalex.org/W2000108089","https://openalex.org/W2014354084","https://openalex.org/W2024355065","https://openalex.org/W2033036630","https://openalex.org/W2046536636","https://openalex.org/W2050807381","https://openalex.org/W2052092737","https://openalex.org/W2058440484","https://openalex.org/W2061943950","https://openalex.org/W2066486177","https://openalex.org/W2074792671","https://openalex.org/W2078144659","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2105544671","https://openalex.org/W2107399212","https://openalex.org/W2113081700","https://openalex.org/W2116436934","https://openalex.org/W2119029543","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2135394066","https://openalex.org/W2141670510","https://openalex.org/W2153509445","https://openalex.org/W2154231274","https://openalex.org/W2155049725","https://openalex.org/W2155748644","https://openalex.org/W2184410169","https://openalex.org/W2185558310","https://openalex.org/W2233431969","https://openalex.org/W2294463722","https://openalex.org/W2295266283","https://openalex.org/W2296309018","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2395880299","https://openalex.org/W2406252837","https://openalex.org/W2407650456","https://openalex.org/W2496916565","https://openalex.org/W2605302905","https://openalex.org/W2949292350","https://openalex.org/W2949790017","https://openalex.org/W2951279334","https://openalex.org/W2963709414","https://openalex.org/W3016662015","https://openalex.org/W3100287873","https://openalex.org/W3100508087","https://openalex.org/W3125832933","https://openalex.org/W4232814400","https://openalex.org/W4240949783","https://openalex.org/W4246535868","https://openalex.org/W4253748132","https://openalex.org/W4292691288","https://openalex.org/W4299355825","https://openalex.org/W4301858651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245685274","https://openalex.org/W2002931343","https://openalex.org/W3042312155","https://openalex.org/W2472677114","https://openalex.org/W3021003119","https://openalex.org/W3007870257","https://openalex.org/W2503735611","https://openalex.org/W2610513781","https://openalex.org/W2112801462","https://openalex.org/W2910115471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,22,82,86,147,151,154,159],"semantic":[4],"intricacies":[5],"of":[6,21,89,95],"conditioning,":[7],"a":[8,33,60,165,173],"main":[9],"feature":[10],"in":[11,76,123,150],"probabilistic":[12,24,148],"programming.":[13],"Our":[14],"study":[15],"is":[16,113,126],"based":[17],"on":[18],"an":[19,39,106,120,179],"extension":[20,94],"imperative":[23],"guarded":[25],"command":[26],"language":[27],"pGCL":[28,90],"with":[29,44,72,98,167,184],"conditioning.":[30,65,185],"We":[31,53,66],"provide":[32],"weakest":[34,69],"precondition":[35],"(wp)":[36],"semantics":[37,88,108],"and":[38],"operational":[40,79,107],"semantics.":[41],"To":[42],"deal":[43],"possibly":[45],"diverging":[46,56],"program":[47,57,132,166,175],"behavior,":[48],"we":[49,116,129,171],"consider":[50],"liberal":[51],"preconditions.":[52],"show":[54,117],"that":[55,68,81,118,134,177],"behavior":[58],"plays":[59],"key":[61],"role":[62],"when":[63],"defining":[64],"establish":[67],"preconditions":[70],"coincide":[71],"conditional":[73],"expected":[74],"rewards":[75],"Markov":[77,110],"chains\u2014the":[78],"semantics\u2014and":[80],"wp-semantics":[83,122],"conservatively":[84],"extends":[85],"existing":[87],"(without":[91],"conditioning).":[92],"An":[93],"these":[96],"results":[97],"nondeterminism":[99],"turns":[100],"out":[101],"to":[102],"be":[103],"problematic:":[104],"although":[105],"using":[109],"decision":[111],"processes":[112],"rather":[114],"straightforward,":[115],"providing":[119],"inductive":[121],"this":[124],"setting":[125],"impossible.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"present":[130,172],"two":[131],"transformations":[133],"eliminate":[135],"conditioning":[136,144],"from":[137],"any":[138],"program.":[139],"The":[140],"first":[141],"transformation":[142,156,176],"hoists":[143],"while":[145,153],"updating":[146],"choices":[149],"program,":[152],"second":[155],"replaces":[157,178],"conditioning\u2014in":[158],"same":[160],"vein":[161],"as":[162],"rejection":[163],"sampling\u2014by":[164],"loops.":[168],"In":[169],"addition,":[170],"last":[174],"independent":[180],"identically":[181],"distributed":[182],"loop":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}