{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949495319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3154499","title":"Towards Optimality in Parallel Scheduling","display_name":"Towards Optimality in Parallel Scheduling","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949495319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3154499","mag":"2949495319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3154499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3154499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193547","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","issn_l":"2476-1249","issn":["2476-1249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025799087","display_name":"Benjamin Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072524850","display_name":"Jan-Pieter Dorsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-6377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135670","display_name":"Amsterdam University of the Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04dde1554","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Pieter Dorsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135670","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009970116","display_name":"Mor Harchol\u2010Balter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mor Harchol-Balter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025799087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87687169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.8428751230239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764556884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6347095966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6219143271446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5483869910240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sublinear-function","display_name":"Sublinear function","score":0.5200188159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-scheduler","display_name":"Job scheduler","score":0.5040103793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5012171268463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4716060757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4685075581073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.44540467858314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33874762058258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.22248873114585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12807950377464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11287900805473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.07698404788970947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.8428751230239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764556884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6347095966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6219143271446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5483869910240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117160843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338652","display_name":"Sublinear function","level":2,"score":0.5200188159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111873713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641413","display_name":"Job scheduler","level":3,"score":0.5040103793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5012171268463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4716060757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4685075581073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.44540467858314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33874762058258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.22248873114585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12807950377464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11287900805473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07698404788970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3154499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3154499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193547","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","issn_l":"2476-1249","issn":["2476-1249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6762275581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-CMMI-1538204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189545204","https://openalex.org/W203188290","https://openalex.org/W636382642","https://openalex.org/W1545099940","https://openalex.org/W1599248213","https://openalex.org/W1750643891","https://openalex.org/W1969874074","https://openalex.org/W1994006836","https://openalex.org/W1998509479","https://openalex.org/W1999254935","https://openalex.org/W2000300079","https://openalex.org/W2007096804","https://openalex.org/W2018096052","https://openalex.org/W2053806044","https://openalex.org/W2068199252","https://openalex.org/W2074637591","https://openalex.org/W2079942837","https://openalex.org/W2082696353","https://openalex.org/W2094055697","https://openalex.org/W2109827459","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2121943414","https://openalex.org/W2126374822","https://openalex.org/W2128604165","https://openalex.org/W2142470696","https://openalex.org/W2148777482","https://openalex.org/W2154272523","https://openalex.org/W2169875292","https://openalex.org/W2171290612","https://openalex.org/W2172016740","https://openalex.org/W2325187468","https://openalex.org/W2466738125","https://openalex.org/W2517912324","https://openalex.org/W2588838797","https://openalex.org/W2761332564","https://openalex.org/W3005264892","https://openalex.org/W4236276585","https://openalex.org/W4239581215","https://openalex.org/W4250035917","https://openalex.org/W4253775987","https://openalex.org/W4297970628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2157978810","https://openalex.org/W2597809628","https://openalex.org/W3012895752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,117],"keep":[1],"pace":[2],"with":[3],"Moore's":[4],"law,":[5],"chip":[6,17],"designers":[7],"have":[8,157],"focused":[9],"on":[10,32,129],"increasing":[11],"the":[12,47,80,87,90,96,107,223,237,244,247,251,256,286,309],"number":[13,34],"of":[14,35,49,89,114,126,168,185,193,219,227,243,288],"cores":[15,52,74,102,142],"per":[16],"rather":[18],"than":[19],"single":[20,153,191,290],"core":[21],"performance.":[22],"In":[23,255,274],"turn,":[24],"modern":[25],"jobs":[26,60,100,127,150,163,214,259],"are":[27],"often":[28],"designed":[29],"to":[30,38,53,55,75,105,164,196,208,215,234,308],"run":[31],"any":[33],"cores.":[36],"However,":[37],"effectively":[39],"leverage":[40],"these":[41],"multi-core":[42,131],"chips,":[43],"one":[44],"must":[45],"address":[46],"question":[48],"how":[50,95,233],"many":[51],"assign":[54],"each":[56],"job.":[57],"Given":[58],"that":[59,135,278],"receive":[61],"sublinear":[62],"speedups":[63],"from":[64],"additional":[65],"cores,":[66],"there":[67],"is":[68,146,175,206,270],"an":[69,76,123],"obvious":[70],"tradeoff:":[71],"allocating":[72],"more":[73,272],"individual":[77],"job":[78,252],"reduces":[79],"job's":[81],"runtime,":[82],"but":[83],"in":[84,285],"turn":[85],"decreases":[86],"efficiency":[88],"overall":[91],"system.":[92],"We":[93,133,201,230,296],"ask":[94],"system":[97,245],"should":[98],"schedule":[99],"across":[101,144],"so":[103],"as":[104,240],"minimize":[106],"mean":[108],"response":[109],"time":[110],"over":[111],"a":[112,130,137,152,183,190,241,266,289,298],"stream":[113],"incoming":[115],"jobs.":[116,200],"answer":[118],"this":[119,174],"question,":[120],"we":[121,181,276],"develop":[122],"analytical":[124],"model":[125],"running":[128],"machine.":[132],"prove":[134,202],"EQUI,":[136],"policy":[138,269],"which":[139,188,282,303],"continuously":[140],"divides":[141],"evenly":[143],"jobs,":[145],"optimal":[147,224,238,311],"when":[148,306],"all":[149,179,199],"follow":[151,261],"speedup":[154,248,263,291],"curve":[155],"and":[156,250],"exponentially":[158],"distributed":[159],"sizes.":[160],"EQUI":[161,281],"requires":[162],"change":[165,216],"their":[166,217],"level":[167,192,226],"parallelization":[169,220],"while":[170],"they":[171],"run.":[172],"Since":[173],"not":[176],"possible":[177,207],"for":[178,198],"workloads,":[180],"consider":[182],"class":[184],"\"fixed-width\"":[186],"policies,":[187],"choose":[189],"parallelization,":[194,228],"k,":[195],"use":[197],"that,":[203],"surprisingly,":[204],"it":[205],"achieve":[209],"EQUI's":[210],"performance":[211],"without":[212],"requiring":[213],"levels":[218],"by":[221],"using":[222],"fixed":[225],"k*.":[229],"also":[231],"show":[232],"analytically":[235],"derive":[236],"k*":[239],"function":[242,292],"load,":[246],"curve,":[249],"size":[253],"distribution.":[254],"case":[257,287],"where":[258],"may":[260],"different":[262],"curves,":[264],"finding":[265],"good":[267],"scheduling":[268],"even":[271],"challenging.":[273],"particular,":[275],"find":[277],"policies":[279],"like":[280],"performed":[283],"well":[284],"now":[293],"perform":[294],"poorly.":[295],"propose":[297],"very":[299],"simple":[300],"policy,":[301],"GREEDY*,":[302],"performs":[304],"near-optimally":[305],"compared":[307],"numerically-derived":[310],"policy.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T08:23:43.765630","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}