{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762232854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152042.3152071","title":"Load-side Frequency Regulation with Limited Control Coverage","display_name":"Load-side Frequency Regulation with Limited Control Coverage","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762232854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152042.3152071","mag":"2762232854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3152042.3152071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152042.3152071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187660","display_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","issn_l":"0163-5999","issn":["0163-5999","1557-9484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052366480","display_name":"John Z. F. Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Z.F. Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219354","display_name":"Linqi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linqi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069455858","display_name":"Steven H. Low","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven H. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70642384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"94","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6247356534004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5924287438392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5675005912780762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5576611161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5203777551651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4964011311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.44977542757987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle-point","display_name":"Saddle point","score":0.42751550674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3565558195114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2737087905406952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21705910563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20657125115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16319039463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08230137825012207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6247356534004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5924287438392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5675005912780762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5576611161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5203777551651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4964011311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.44977542757987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2681867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690935","display_name":"Saddle point","level":2,"score":0.42751550674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3565558195114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2737087905406952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21705910563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20657125115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16319039463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08230137825012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3152042.3152071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152042.3152071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187660","display_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","issn_l":"0163-5999","issn":["0163-5999","1557-9484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:85704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/85704/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97737670","https://openalex.org/W1585188069","https://openalex.org/W1608752612","https://openalex.org/W2027270344","https://openalex.org/W2067698584","https://openalex.org/W2086929129","https://openalex.org/W2159715570","https://openalex.org/W2480356187","https://openalex.org/W2508693252","https://openalex.org/W2963135216","https://openalex.org/W2963246511","https://openalex.org/W4382998814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361858950","https://openalex.org/W2902950381","https://openalex.org/W4390418544","https://openalex.org/W2380475562","https://openalex.org/W2390170715","https://openalex.org/W2024010302","https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W2893905596","https://openalex.org/W2359276745","https://openalex.org/W1896519583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"renewable":[1],"energy":[2,6],"increases":[3],"uncertainty":[4],"in":[5,76],"systems.":[7],"As":[8],"a":[9,92,103,111],"consequence,":[10],"generator-side":[11],"control":[12,46,70,74,93,117],"for":[13,67],"frequency":[14,101,126],"regulation,":[15],"impacted":[16],"by":[17],"the":[18,50,77,80],"slow":[19],"reaction":[20],"of":[21,34],"generators":[22],"to":[23,40,59,109],"meet":[24],"urgent":[25],"needs,":[26],"may":[27],"no":[28],"longer":[29],"suffice.":[30],"With":[31],"increasing":[32],"integration":[33],"smart":[35],"appliances":[36],"which":[37,113],"are":[38],"able":[39],"sense,":[41],"communicate":[42],"and":[43,57,86,98],"control,":[44],"load-side":[45,69],"can":[47],"help":[48],"alleviate":[49],"aforementioned":[51],"problem":[52,81,85],"as":[53,82],"it":[54],"reacts":[55],"fast":[56],"helps":[58],"localize":[60],"disturbances.":[61],"However,":[62],"almost":[63],"all":[64,120],"existing":[65],"methods":[66],"optimal":[68],"require":[71],"full":[72],"information":[73],"coverage":[75,118],"system.":[78],"Framing":[79],"an":[83],"optimization":[84],"applying":[87],"saddle-point":[88],"dynamics,":[89],"we":[90],"obtain":[91],"law":[94],"that":[95],"rebalances":[96],"power":[97],"asymptotically":[99],"stabilizes":[100],"after":[102],"disturbance.":[104],"We":[105,128],"generalize":[106],"previous":[107],"work":[108],"design":[110],"controller":[112],"only":[114],"requires":[115],"partial":[116],"over":[119],"nodes,":[121],"yet":[122],"still":[123],"achieves":[124],"secondary":[125],"control.":[127],"verify":[129],"these":[130],"results":[131],"via":[132],"simulation.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
