{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2919112843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3150977","title":"Enhancing Deep Learning with Visual Interactions","display_name":"Enhancing Deep Learning with Visual Interactions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2919112843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3150977","mag":"2919112843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3150977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3150977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3150977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3150977","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013053394","display_name":"Eric Krokos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Krokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089179037","display_name":"Hsueh-Chen Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh-Chen Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062170963","display_name":"Jessica S Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025024765","display_name":"Bohdan Nebesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohdan Nebesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089547246","display_name":"Celeste Lyn Paul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celeste Lyn Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050854174","display_name":"Kirsten Whitley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-326X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsten Whitley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086440196","display_name":"Amitabh Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitabh Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58009559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.8116321563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7873077392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7241164445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7001280784606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5499635338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5018613338470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.48145192861557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4756852388381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3776928782463074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.8116321563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7873077392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7241164445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7001280784606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5499635338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5018613338470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.48145192861557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4756852388381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3776928782463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3150977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3150977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3150977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3150977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3150977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3150977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3599917657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14-29404 and 15-64212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8541164189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15-64212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8703862638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14-29404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919112843.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919112843.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W66588809","https://openalex.org/W628438000","https://openalex.org/W830076066","https://openalex.org/W1530948733","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1973050785","https://openalex.org/W1982729887","https://openalex.org/W2002008002","https://openalex.org/W2003238113","https://openalex.org/W2009233867","https://openalex.org/W2011316786","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2045649112","https://openalex.org/W2051088039","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2074275752","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2118322263","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2129414564","https://openalex.org/W2133053671","https://openalex.org/W2133069808","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2147055032","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2152825437","https://openalex.org/W2157018954","https://openalex.org/W2158164339","https://openalex.org/W2165766797","https://openalex.org/W2166923144","https://openalex.org/W2174554700","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2478493250","https://openalex.org/W2506678472","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2542768043","https://openalex.org/W2551180826","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2606321545","https://openalex.org/W2791402561","https://openalex.org/W2793017411","https://openalex.org/W2803959925","https://openalex.org/W4241602464","https://openalex.org/W6679166005","https://openalex.org/W6748790649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2787993192","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2129767422","https://openalex.org/W3210196349","https://openalex.org/W2950181282","https://openalex.org/W2798287483","https://openalex.org/W2913410650","https://openalex.org/W4398789279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,133],"a":[5,21,30,45,53,94,103,113,168],"powerful":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,14,137,153],"feature-driven":[9],"labeling":[10,29,62,87,110,117,139],"of":[11,71,84],"datasets.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[15,19],"to":[16,79,108,123,142],"be":[17,77],"effective,":[18],"requires":[20],"large":[22,31],"and":[23,37,58,140,167],"finely":[24],"labeled":[25,55],"training":[26,32,56],"dataset.":[27,73],"Precisely":[28],"dataset":[33,57,96],"is":[34],"expensive,":[35],"time-consuming,":[36],"error":[38],"prone.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43],"present":[44],"visually":[46],"driven":[47],"deep-learning":[48],"approach":[49,75,159],"that":[50,66,88,146],"starts":[51],"with":[52],"coarsely":[54],"iteratively":[59],"refines":[60],"the":[61,68,72,82,90,125,134],"through":[63,160],"intuitive":[64],"interactions":[65],"leverage":[67],"latent":[69,144],"structures":[70,145],"Our":[74],"can":[76],"used":[78],"(a)":[80],"alleviate":[81],"burden":[83],"intensive":[85],"manual":[86],"captures":[89],"fine":[91,154],"nuances":[92],"in":[93],"high-dimensional":[95,165],"by":[97,112,120,150],"simple":[98],"visual":[99],"interactions,":[100],"(b)":[101],"replace":[102],"complicated":[104],"(and":[105],"therefore":[106],"difficult":[107],"design)":[109],"algorithm":[111,118],"simpler":[114],"(but":[115],"coarse)":[116],"supplemented":[119],"user":[121,169],"interaction":[122],"refine":[124],"labeling,":[126],"or":[127],"(c)":[128],"use":[129,161],"low-dimensional":[130],"features":[131],"(such":[132],"RGB":[135],"colors)":[136],"coarse":[138],"turn":[141],"higher-dimensional":[143],"are":[147],"progressively":[148],"revealed":[149],"deep":[151],"learning,":[152],"labeling.":[155],"We":[156],"validate":[157],"our":[158],"cases":[162],"on":[163],"three":[164],"datasets":[166],"study.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
