{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2751325934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3147432","title":"Effective Verification for Low-Level Software with Competing Interrupts","display_name":"Effective Verification for Low-Level Software with Competing Interrupts","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2751325934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3147432","mag":"2751325934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3147432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3147432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effective_verification_for_low-level_software_with_competing_interrupts/23447624","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089763312","display_name":"Lihao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5055-5202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015518667","display_name":"Tom Melham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Melham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086206346","display_name":"Daniel Kroening","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-5283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kroening","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066022930","display_name":"Peter Schrammel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-1381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Schrammel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001580382","display_name":"Michael Tautschnig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Tautschnig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089763312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85964563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9023773670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrupt","display_name":"Interrupt","score":0.830679714679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.6954464912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-software","display_name":"Embedded software","score":0.5607828497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5188166499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4790950119495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47524189949035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.45643460750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.43772563338279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.36482882499694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3638570308685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33258259296417236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9023773670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41661131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220764","display_name":"Interrupt","level":3,"score":0.830679714679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.6954464912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154488198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007","display_name":"Embedded software","level":3,"score":0.5607828497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5188166499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4790950119495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47524189949035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.45643460750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.43772563338279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.36482882499694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3638570308685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33258259296417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3147432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3147432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23447624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effective_verification_for_low-level_software_with_competing_interrupts/23447624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ff5a4b5a-fbfd-4c7b-8b57-5a1779ca8c9c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff5a4b5a-fbfd-4c7b-8b57-5a1779ca8c9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/31940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sro.sussex.ac.uk:69534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/69534/1/paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400129","display_name":"Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","host_organization_name":"University of Sussex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23447624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effective_verification_for_low-level_software_with_competing_interrupts/23447624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2602268313","display_name":"Verification of Shared-Memory Concurrent Software","funder_award_id":"EP/H017585/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6941323120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H017585/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36793001","https://openalex.org/W86344006","https://openalex.org/W92417405","https://openalex.org/W108883401","https://openalex.org/W154091757","https://openalex.org/W831708374","https://openalex.org/W1452568986","https://openalex.org/W1521984813","https://openalex.org/W1523442991","https://openalex.org/W1562679818","https://openalex.org/W1565898282","https://openalex.org/W1568729458","https://openalex.org/W1582696351","https://openalex.org/W1602156367","https://openalex.org/W1879823367","https://openalex.org/W1968552123","https://openalex.org/W1995128353","https://openalex.org/W2027179699","https://openalex.org/W2030427456","https://openalex.org/W2035510793","https://openalex.org/W2039559802","https://openalex.org/W2056637671","https://openalex.org/W2066615989","https://openalex.org/W2098151336","https://openalex.org/W2109172715","https://openalex.org/W2115309705","https://openalex.org/W2127321265","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2146249236","https://openalex.org/W2146878883","https://openalex.org/W2169832991","https://openalex.org/W2170487018","https://openalex.org/W2171999426","https://openalex.org/W2340735175","https://openalex.org/W2397756239","https://openalex.org/W2498711949","https://openalex.org/W2551605126","https://openalex.org/W2912087756","https://openalex.org/W3023191323","https://openalex.org/W4236040576","https://openalex.org/W4256696816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740264376","https://openalex.org/W4206999239","https://openalex.org/W2900719967","https://openalex.org/W2161928627","https://openalex.org/W2787155073","https://openalex.org/W2727867943","https://openalex.org/W4322631505","https://openalex.org/W3015562293","https://openalex.org/W2621101275","https://openalex.org/W2517159955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interrupt-driven":[0],"software":[1,45,122],"is":[2,112],"difficult":[3],"to":[4,16,25,34,42,87,115],"test":[5],"and":[6,14,80,83],"debug,":[7],"especially":[8],"when":[9],"interrupts":[10],"can":[11,19],"be":[12],"nested":[13,124],"subject":[15],"priorities.":[17],"Interrupts":[18],"arrive":[20],"at":[21],"arbitrary":[22],"times,":[23],"leading":[24],"an":[26],"exponential":[27],"blow-up":[28],"in":[29,55],"the":[30,56,59,68,105,113],"number":[31],"of":[32,58,62,70,107,119],"cases":[33],"consider.":[35],"We":[36,66],"present":[37],"a":[38],"new":[39],"formal":[40],"approach":[41,51],"verifying":[43],"interrupt-driven":[44],"based":[46],"on":[47,73],"symbolic":[48],"execution.":[49],"The":[50],"leverages":[52],"recent":[53],"advances":[54],"encoding":[57],"execution":[60],"traces":[61],"interacting,":[63],"concurrent":[64],"threads.":[65],"assess":[67],"performance":[69],"our":[71,98,108,110],"method":[72,99],"benchmarks":[74],"drawn":[75],"from":[76],"embedded":[77,121],"systems":[78],"code":[79],"device":[81],"drivers,":[82],"experimentally":[84],"compare":[85],"it":[86],"conventional":[88],"approaches":[89],"that":[90,97],"use":[91],"source-to-source":[92],"transformations.":[93],"Our":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"significantly":[100],"outperforms":[101],"these":[102],"techniques.":[103],"To":[104],"best":[106],"knowledge,":[109],"work":[111],"first":[114],"demonstrate":[116],"effective":[117],"verification":[118],"low-level":[120],"with":[123],"interrupts.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}