{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783732587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3145904","title":"A Survey on the Usage of Eye-Tracking in Computer Programming","display_name":"A Survey on the Usage of Eye-Tracking in Computer Programming","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783732587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3145904","mag":"2783732587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3145904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3145904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_survey_on_the_usage_of_eye-tracking_in_computer_programming/23442302","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089423582","display_name":"Unaizah Obaidellah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-2174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Unaizah Obaidellah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-2174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078089921","display_name":"Mohammed Al Haek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-3572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al Haek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036646417","display_name":"Peter Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter C.-H. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.8483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9959143,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8677225112915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.6289795637130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.5665172338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5412014126777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.5221365094184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.48325496912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-programming","display_name":"Computer programming","score":0.4564419388771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4509085416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4186713695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35552293062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3526839017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.33987921476364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.26706641912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.16663005948066711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8677225112915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.6289795637130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5665172338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5412014126777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.5221365094184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.48325496912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.4564419388771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4509085416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4186713695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35552293062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3526839017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.33987921476364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26706641912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.16663005948066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3145904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3145904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23442302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_survey_on_the_usage_of_eye-tracking_in_computer_programming/23442302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sro.sussex.ac.uk:67114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67114/3/EyeTrackingInProgramming_final.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400129","display_name":"Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","host_organization_name":"University of Sussex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23442302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_survey_on_the_usage_of_eye-tracking_in_computer_programming/23442302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G241784805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP062-2014A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3146681410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP030C-14AET","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334940","funder_display_name":"Institut Pengurusan dan Pemantauan Penyelidikan, Universiti Malaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334940","display_name":"Institut Pengurusan dan Pemantauan Penyelidikan, Universiti Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214443","https://openalex.org/W74750449","https://openalex.org/W79441360","https://openalex.org/W200299758","https://openalex.org/W750932891","https://openalex.org/W1490380215","https://openalex.org/W1561971477","https://openalex.org/W1580590568","https://openalex.org/W1585338711","https://openalex.org/W1901145490","https://openalex.org/W1964823574","https://openalex.org/W1966463724","https://openalex.org/W1970098188","https://openalex.org/W1978755715","https://openalex.org/W1994430266","https://openalex.org/W1998265754","https://openalex.org/W1999284448","https://openalex.org/W1999798506","https://openalex.org/W1999946490","https://openalex.org/W2002341081","https://openalex.org/W2002641269","https://openalex.org/W2004923029","https://openalex.org/W2008988588","https://openalex.org/W2009514422","https://openalex.org/W2011826874","https://openalex.org/W2012916400","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2015480071","https://openalex.org/W2021330659","https://openalex.org/W2023159994","https://openalex.org/W2023519969","https://openalex.org/W2023617068","https://openalex.org/W2024456099","https://openalex.org/W2024916065","https://openalex.org/W2025798032","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W2034688095","https://openalex.org/W2038032083","https://openalex.org/W2061152427","https://openalex.org/W2078743180","https://openalex.org/W2081005646","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2085710993","https://openalex.org/W2099826759","https://openalex.org/W2101448532","https://openalex.org/W2111199933","https://openalex.org/W2113035899","https://openalex.org/W2113610359","https://openalex.org/W2113938691","https://openalex.org/W2116817443","https://openalex.org/W2119459020","https://openalex.org/W2124493593","https://openalex.org/W2128966215","https://openalex.org/W2134304651","https://openalex.org/W2142391150","https://openalex.org/W2144727592","https://openalex.org/W2147903644","https://openalex.org/W2149250905","https://openalex.org/W2151665713","https://openalex.org/W2153990702","https://openalex.org/W2154355540","https://openalex.org/W2155263925","https://openalex.org/W2159449837","https://openalex.org/W2163851162","https://openalex.org/W2165771205","https://openalex.org/W2168466961","https://openalex.org/W2193411874","https://openalex.org/W2295826564","https://openalex.org/W2485333631","https://openalex.org/W2488001648","https://openalex.org/W2499853579","https://openalex.org/W2529275262","https://openalex.org/W2584069265","https://openalex.org/W2587972759","https://openalex.org/W2615055441","https://openalex.org/W2809776273","https://openalex.org/W2810098674","https://openalex.org/W2810862344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2753886513","https://openalex.org/W2070920257","https://openalex.org/W1765993298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"quantitative":[1],"research":[2,89,143],"methods":[3],"of":[4,38,41,48,59,67,142,171,177,184,190,203,215,243],"data":[5],"collection":[6],"in":[7,21,25,56,87,155,181,193],"programming,":[8,161],"such":[9,69],"as":[10,34,70],"questionnaires":[11],"and":[12,44,63,72,92,108,116,120,128,134,148,162,198,206,218,225,245,253],"interviews,":[13],"are":[14,90,145],"the":[15,32,45,57,93,138,168,178,191,233,259],"most":[16,189,234,260],"common":[17],"approaches":[18],"for":[19],"researchers":[20,55],"this":[22,75,103,182],"field.":[23],"However,":[24],"recent":[26,156],"years,":[27,157],"eye-tracking":[28,179],"has":[29,51],"been":[30,52,251],"on":[31,80,110,125,212,240],"rise":[33],"a":[35,65,213,241],"new":[36],"method":[37],"collecting":[39],"evidence":[40],"visual":[42],"attention":[43,246],"cognitive":[46],"process":[47],"programmers.":[49],"Eye-tracking":[50],"used":[53,85,235,261],"by":[54,263],"field":[58],"programming":[60,88,210,216,219],"to":[61,131,174,231,257],"analyze":[62],"understand":[64],"variety":[66],"tasks":[68,211],"comprehension":[71,147],"debugging.":[73],"In":[74,102],"article,":[76],"we":[77,106,221],"will":[78],"focus":[79],"reporting":[81],"how":[82],"experiments":[83],"that":[84,95,188,249],"eye-trackers":[86,244,256],"conducted,":[91],"information":[94],"can":[96],"be":[97,232,258],"collected":[98,119],"from":[99,201],"these":[100,194],"experiments.":[101,185],"mapping":[104],"study,":[105],"identify":[107],"report":[109,239],"63":[111],"studies,":[112],"published":[113],"between":[114],"1990":[115],"June":[117],"2017,":[118],"gathered":[121],"via":[122],"manual":[123],"search":[124],"digital":[126],"libraries":[127],"databases":[129],"related":[130],"computer":[132,135],"science":[133],"engineering.":[136],"Among":[137],"five":[139],"main":[140],"areas":[141],"interest":[144,154],"program":[146],"debugging,":[149],"which":[150,166],"received":[151],"an":[152],"increased":[153],"non-code":[158],"comprehension,":[159],"collaborative":[160],"requirements":[163],"traceability":[164],"research,":[165],"had":[167],"fewest":[169],"number":[170],"publications":[172],"due":[173],"possible":[175],"limitations":[176],"technology":[180],"type":[183],"We":[186,237],"find":[187,222,254],"participants":[192],"studies":[195],"were":[196],"students":[197],"faculty":[199],"members":[200],"institutions":[202],"higher":[204],"learning,":[205],"while":[207],"they":[208],"performed":[209],"range":[214,242],"languages":[217],"representations,":[220],"Java":[223],"language":[224],"Unified":[226],"Modeling":[227],"Language":[228],"(UML)":[229],"representation":[230],"materials.":[236],"also":[238],"tracking":[247],"tools":[248],"have":[250],"utilized,":[252],"Tobii":[255],"devices":[262],"researchers.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
