{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2769811094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143434.3143445","title":"Correlations of software code metrics","display_name":"Correlations of software code metrics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2769811094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143434.3143445","mag":"2769811094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3143434.3143445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143434.3143445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Software Measurement and 12th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006992199","display_name":"M. A. Mamun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6268-5489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Abdullah Al Mamun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506146","display_name":"Christian Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-1150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111439626","display_name":"J\u00f6rgen Hansson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rgen Hansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006992199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93876581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.8185471892356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6883248090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.6438636779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5958561301231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5092509984970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.49832844734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4823545813560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-sizing","display_name":"Software sizing","score":0.4813016951084137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.4811921715736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.48031753301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4747348725795746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4740811586380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4725608229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4620378017425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.44029322266578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-measurement","display_name":"Software measurement","score":0.43988198041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-metric","display_name":"Product metric","score":0.4322143495082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.36024242639541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2305106818675995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12514519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09701570868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-space","display_name":"Metric space","score":0.08924394845962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07803133130073547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.8185471892356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6883248090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.6438636779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5958561301231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5092509984970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.49832844734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4823545813560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.4813016951084137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.4811921715736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.48031753301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4747348725795746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4740811586380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4725608229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4620378017425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.44029322266578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89567784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554325","display_name":"Software measurement","level":5,"score":0.43988198041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154497576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247777","display_name":"Product metric","level":3,"score":0.4322143495082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.36024242639541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2305106818675995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12514519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09701570868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198043062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180953","display_name":"Metric space","level":2,"score":0.08924394845962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07803133130073547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3143434.3143445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143434.3143445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Software Measurement and 12th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:254316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/254316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1818848169","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W2010050957","https://openalex.org/W2013210184","https://openalex.org/W2020779709","https://openalex.org/W2034628356","https://openalex.org/W2051501343","https://openalex.org/W2082792969","https://openalex.org/W2106189944","https://openalex.org/W2110715265","https://openalex.org/W2117321536","https://openalex.org/W2162451880","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2296620627","https://openalex.org/W2547111910","https://openalex.org/W4236757431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068483578","https://openalex.org/W3016442572","https://openalex.org/W2126753354","https://openalex.org/W3149058408","https://openalex.org/W2575306360","https://openalex.org/W2114733359","https://openalex.org/W2798385000","https://openalex.org/W1573971199","https://openalex.org/W2045320819","https://openalex.org/W2548001153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,207],"increasing":[2],"up-trend":[3],"of":[4,19,70,77,83,97,129,211],"software":[5,20,32,59,84,127,141,250],"size":[6,142,165,205],"brings":[7],"about":[8],"challenges":[9],"related":[10,49,143,159],"to":[11,44,50,176,180,188,204,229],"release":[12],"planning":[13],"and":[14,99,104,150,157,219,235],"maintainability.":[15],"Foreseeing":[16],"the":[17,74,92,102,171],"growth":[18],"metrics":[21,33,41,64,85,98,103,120,144,152,160,166,195,213,234],"can":[22,65,86],"assist":[23],"in":[24,73,170,201],"taking":[25],"proactive":[26],"decisions":[27],"regarding":[28],"different":[29,95,105],"areas":[30],"where":[31],"play":[34],"vital":[35],"roles.":[36],"For":[37],"example,":[38],"source":[39,132],"code":[40,51,251],"are":[42,107,145,161,174,200,214],"used":[43],"automatically":[45],"calculate":[46],"technical":[47,71],"debt":[48,72],"quality":[52],"which":[53],"may":[54],"indicate":[55],"how":[56],"maintainable":[57],"a":[58,183,186],"is.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"predicting":[62],"such":[63,112],"give":[66],"us":[67],"an":[68],"indication":[69],"future":[75],"releases":[76],"software.":[78],"Objective:":[79],"Estimation":[80],"or":[81],"prediction":[82],"be":[87,177],"performed":[88],"more":[89,162,178],"meaningfully":[90],"if":[91],"relationships":[93,100,232,242],"between":[94,101,233],"domains":[96,106,124,218],"well":[108],"understood.":[109],"To":[110],"understand":[111,230],"relationships,":[113],"this":[114,225],"empirical":[115],"study":[116],"has":[117],"collected":[118],"25":[119],"classified":[121],"into":[122],"four":[123],"from":[125,134,153,224],"9572":[126],"revisions":[128],"20":[130],"open":[131],"projects":[133],"8":[135],"well-known":[136],"companies.":[137],"Results:":[138],"We":[139],"found":[140],"most":[146,197],"correlated":[147,163,179],"among":[148,216],"themselves":[149,181],"with":[151,164,196,240],"other":[154],"domains.":[155,236],"Complexity":[156],"documentation":[158],"than":[167],"themselves.":[168],"Metrics":[169],"duplications":[172],"domain":[173,189],"observed":[175],"on":[182],"domain-level.":[184],"However,":[185],"metric":[187],"level":[190],"relationship":[191],"exploration":[192],"reveals":[193],"that":[194],"strong":[198],"correlations":[199],"fact":[202],"connected":[203],"metrics.":[206,220,252],"Overall":[208],"correlation":[209],"ranking":[210],"duplication":[212],"least":[215],"all":[217],"Contribution:":[221],"Knowledge":[222],"earned":[223],"research":[226],"will":[227,243],"help":[228],"inherent":[231],"This":[237],"knowledge":[238],"together":[239],"metric-level":[241],"allow":[244],"building":[245],"better":[246],"predictive":[247],"models":[248],"for":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}