{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803075657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3140544","title":"Cross-Browser Differences Detection Based on an Empirical Metric for Web Page Visual Similarity","display_name":"Cross-Browser Differences Detection Based on an Empirical Metric for Web Page Visual Similarity","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803075657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3140544","mag":"2803075657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3140544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3140544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039824546","display_name":"Zhen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-6958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030495591","display_name":"James Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039824546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73963779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestalt-psychology","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","score":0.8764718174934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8536792993545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7707957029342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.704081654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6557184457778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6067936420440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.6059504747390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5884746313095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5201514363288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45942309498786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.3784976899623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.349634051322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33182138204574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09848937392234802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27362006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272021","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","level":3,"score":0.8764718174934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8536792993545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7707957029342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.704081654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6557184457778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6067936420440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.6059504747390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5884746313095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5201514363288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45942309498786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3784976899623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.349634051322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33182138204574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09848937392234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3140544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3140544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648134741","https://openalex.org/W1620768084","https://openalex.org/W1709926125","https://openalex.org/W2025635041","https://openalex.org/W2028509346","https://openalex.org/W2040924900","https://openalex.org/W2041824945","https://openalex.org/W2046631690","https://openalex.org/W2048236564","https://openalex.org/W2049639527","https://openalex.org/W2060565253","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2068888736","https://openalex.org/W2116368564","https://openalex.org/W2121871780","https://openalex.org/W2141277572","https://openalex.org/W2142995284","https://openalex.org/W2144221002","https://openalex.org/W2150969685","https://openalex.org/W2158026699","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2166135831","https://openalex.org/W2266772360","https://openalex.org/W2270926629","https://openalex.org/W2318149822","https://openalex.org/W2533369982","https://openalex.org/W2555597023","https://openalex.org/W3140400178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593175091","https://openalex.org/W3039810647","https://openalex.org/W4327521413","https://openalex.org/W823300309","https://openalex.org/W2385281989","https://openalex.org/W1994424433","https://openalex.org/W2018537201","https://openalex.org/W2050340680","https://openalex.org/W1700641177","https://openalex.org/W2953384362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,7,74,93],"develop":[4],"a":[5,47,85],"method":[6],"detect":[8,94],"visual":[9,30],"differences":[10],"introduced":[11],"into":[12,46],"web":[13,106],"pages":[14,107],"when":[15],"they":[16],"are":[17,44,72],"rendered":[18],"in":[19],"different":[20],"browsers.":[21],"To":[22],"achieve":[23],"this":[24,112],"goal,":[25],"we":[26],"propose":[27],"an":[28],"empirical":[29,89],"similarity":[31,62],"metric":[32,90],"by":[33,58],"mimicking":[34],"human":[35],"mechanisms":[36],"of":[37,42,67],"perception.":[38],"The":[39],"Gestalt":[40,69],"laws":[41],"grouping":[43],"translated":[45],"computer":[48],"compatible":[49],"rule":[50],"set.":[51],"A":[52],"block":[53],"tree":[54],"is":[55,91],"then":[56],"parsed":[57],"the":[59,65,68,88,102],"rules":[60],"for":[61,77,111],"calculation.":[63],"During":[64],"translation":[66],"laws,":[70],"experiments":[71],"performed":[73],"obtain":[75],"metrics":[76],"proximity,":[78],"color":[79],"similarity,":[80],"and":[81,98],"image":[82],"similarity.":[83],"After":[84],"validation":[86],"experiment,":[87],"employed":[92],"cross-browser":[95],"differences.":[96],"Experiments":[97],"case":[99],"studies":[100],"on":[101],"world\u2019s":[103],"most":[104],"popular":[105],"provide":[108],"positive":[109],"results":[110],"methodology.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}