{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2768033051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137072","title":"To Scratch or not to Scratch?","display_name":"To Scratch or not to Scratch?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2768033051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137072","mag":"2768033051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3137065.3137072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Primary and Secondary Computing Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034150823","display_name":"Felienne Hermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-0156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felienne Hermans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047667810","display_name":"Efthimia Aivaloglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efthimia Aivaloglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034150823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.2086,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99234153,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.965907096862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229894399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4593402147293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.41748344898223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.35885101556777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2692299485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19978740811347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18262988328933716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.965907096862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229894399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4593402147293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41748344898223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35885101556777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2692299485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19978740811347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18262988328933716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3137065.3137072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Primary and Secondary Computing Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539609515","https://openalex.org/W1987554188","https://openalex.org/W1987969015","https://openalex.org/W2009317241","https://openalex.org/W2025617164","https://openalex.org/W2037149633","https://openalex.org/W2049931297","https://openalex.org/W2053125339","https://openalex.org/W2054122003","https://openalex.org/W2059640080","https://openalex.org/W2085990091","https://openalex.org/W2090960371","https://openalex.org/W2120640415","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2143470593","https://openalex.org/W2158826560","https://openalex.org/W2168106654","https://openalex.org/W2262413683","https://openalex.org/W2511447228","https://openalex.org/W2517830973","https://openalex.org/W2728043297","https://openalex.org/W2729814639","https://openalex.org/W4244635956","https://openalex.org/W4247494967","https://openalex.org/W4292808503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065109233","https://openalex.org/W2355862304","https://openalex.org/W2356108042","https://openalex.org/W2030250808","https://openalex.org/W2376796979","https://openalex.org/W4313347119","https://openalex.org/W2379418341","https://openalex.org/W2380054981","https://openalex.org/W2393110101","https://openalex.org/W2379285345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"education":[1],"is":[2,54,72],"in":[3,68,74,92,106,122,165,197],"fashion:":[4],"there":[5,157],"are":[6,66],"many":[7],"methods,":[8],"tools,":[9],"books":[10],"and":[11,44,85,95,102,132],"apps":[12],"to":[13,20,25,50,57,100,185],"teach":[14,26,30],"children":[15,127,196],"programming.":[16,27],"This":[17,47],"gives":[18],"rise":[19],"the":[21,31,36,87,98,126,133,162,172,187,195,198],"question":[22],"of":[23,38,76,80,90,125,147,168,182,206],"how":[24],"Do":[28],"we":[29,65,112],"concepts":[32],"with":[33,117,176],"or":[34,61],"without":[35],"use":[37,103],"a":[39,114,203],"computer,":[40],"also":[41],"called":[42],"plugged":[43,60,130],"unplugged":[45,62,138,177,199],"respectively?":[46],"paper":[48],"aims":[49],"measure":[51],"what":[52],"method":[53,71],"more":[55,180],"effective":[56],"start":[58],"with:":[59],"first.":[63],"Specifically,":[64],"interested":[67],"examining":[69],"which":[70,123],"better":[73,191],"terms":[75],"(1)":[77],"facilitating":[78],"understanding":[79],"programming":[81,93,104,169],"concepts,":[82,188],"(2)":[83],"motivating":[84,97],"supporting":[86],"students'":[88],"sense":[89],"self-efficacy":[91,192],"tasks":[94],"(3)":[96],"students":[99],"explore":[101],"constructs":[105],"their":[107,166,183],"assignments.":[108],"To":[109],"this":[110],"end":[111],"conduct":[113],"controlled":[115],"study":[116],"35":[118],"elementary":[119],"school":[120],"children,":[121],"half":[124,135],"receive":[128,144],"four":[129,137,145],"lessons":[131,139,178],"other":[134],"receives":[136],"After":[140],"this,":[141],"both":[142],"groups":[143,164],"weeks":[146,156],"Scratch":[148,207],"lessons.":[149],"The":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153,174],"after":[154],"eight":[155],"was":[158,179],"no":[159],"difference":[160],"between":[161],"two":[163],"mastering":[167],"concepts.":[170],"However,":[171],"group":[173,201],"started":[175],"confident":[181],"ability":[184],"understand":[186],"i.e.":[189],"demonstrated":[190],"beliefs.":[193],"Furthermore,":[194],"first":[200],"used":[202],"wider":[204],"selection":[205],"blocks.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}