{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2776780963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137003.3137011","title":"Exploiting Submodularity in Security Measure Allocation for Industrial Control Systems","display_name":"Exploiting Submodularity in Security Measure Allocation for Industrial Control Systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2776780963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137003.3137011","mag":"2776780963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3137003.3137011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137003.3137011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on the Internet of Safe Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019342055","display_name":"Jezdimir Milo\u0161evi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-5665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jezdimir Milo\u0161evi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082230661","display_name":"Takashi Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-0064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056120878","display_name":"Henrik Sandberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Sandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975901","display_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84218677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"64","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.7887219190597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7477875351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6822887063026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.5795993208885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5379446744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5239691138267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-constraint","display_name":"Budget constraint","score":0.5103864073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5036205649375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.48855528235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4727022647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3855847716331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30777132511138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.12938058376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11169770359992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11140656471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08158436417579651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.7887219190597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477875351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6822887063026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.5795993208885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5379446744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5239691138267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.5103864073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5036205649375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.48855528235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4727022647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3855847716331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30777132511138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12938058376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11169770359992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11140656471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08158436417579651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3137003.3137011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3137003.3137011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on the Internet of Safe Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48497080","https://openalex.org/W129397930","https://openalex.org/W1557652964","https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1972523481","https://openalex.org/W1987806716","https://openalex.org/W1990483314","https://openalex.org/W2033885045","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2041587044","https://openalex.org/W2056451850","https://openalex.org/W2080379754","https://openalex.org/W2141403143","https://openalex.org/W2143842190","https://openalex.org/W2164681195","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2735810643","https://openalex.org/W3118655244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W241127407","https://openalex.org/W2381035939","https://openalex.org/W2468477307","https://openalex.org/W2910645127","https://openalex.org/W162895179","https://openalex.org/W1521824362","https://openalex.org/W3177799343","https://openalex.org/W2614996178","https://openalex.org/W2783141896","https://openalex.org/W3019650871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0],"control":[1,52],"systems":[2,5,29,53],"are":[3,7,156,165],"cyber-physical":[4],"that":[6,131],"used":[8],"to":[9,45,49,72,86,108,123,138],"operate":[10],"critical":[11],"infrastructures":[12],"such":[13,84],"as":[14,85],"smart":[15],"grids,":[16],"traffic":[17],"systems,":[18],"industrial":[19,51],"facilities,":[20],"and":[21,33,158,160],"water":[22],"distribution":[23],"networks.":[24],"The":[25,93,113,145],"digitalization":[26],"of":[27,37,58,61,77,91,126,162],"these":[28,163],"increases":[30],"their":[31,35],"efficiency":[32],"decreases":[34],"cost":[36],"operation,":[38],"but":[39],"also":[40],"makes":[41],"them":[42],"more":[43],"vulnerable":[44],"cyber-attacks.":[46,92],"In":[47,66],"order":[48],"protect":[50],"from":[54],"cyber-attacks,":[55],"the":[56,88,127,170],"installation":[57],"multiple":[59],"layers":[60],"security":[62,78,94],"measures":[63,79],"is":[64,102,116],"necessary.":[65],"this":[67,100],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,119],"study":[70],"how":[71,169],"allocate":[73],"a":[74,81,103,109,121,149],"large":[75],"number":[76],"under":[80],"limited":[82],"budget,":[83],"minimize":[87],"total":[89],"risk":[90],"measure":[95],"allocation":[96],"problem":[97,106,115,146],"formulated":[98,114],"in":[99,152,176],"way":[101],"combinatorial":[104],"optimization":[105],"subject":[107],"knapsack":[110],"(budget)":[111],"constraint.":[112],"NP-hard,":[117],"therefore":[118],"propose":[120],"method":[122,172],"exploit":[124],"submodularity":[125],"objective":[128],"function":[129],"so":[130],"polynomial":[132],"time":[133],"algorithms":[134],"can":[135,173],"be":[136,174],"applied":[137,175],"obtain":[139],"solutions":[140],"with":[141],"guaranteed":[142],"approximation":[143],"bounds.":[144],"formulation":[147],"requires":[148],"preprocessing":[150],"step":[151],"which":[153],"attack":[154],"scenarios":[155,164],"selected,":[157],"impacts":[159],"likelihoods":[161],"estimated.":[166],"We":[167],"discuss":[168],"proposed":[171],"practice.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}