{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762786131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3133916","title":"Transforming programs and tests in tandem for fault localization","display_name":"Transforming programs and tests in tandem for fault localization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762786131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3133916","mag":"2762786131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3133916","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3133916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3133916","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904019","display_name":"Xia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-8528"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043546718","display_name":"Lingming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-2702"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101904019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6285,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98706468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.777908444404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6582662463188171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6342747807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6190996170043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.5724534392356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.464091956615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.4236317276954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33900097012519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32789796590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.2999073266983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.21317172050476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11180511116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06707203388214111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.777908444404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6582662463188171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6342747807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6190996170043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5724534392356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.464091956615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.4236317276954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33900097012519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32789796590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2999073266983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.21317172050476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11180511116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06707203388214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3133916","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3133916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3133916","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3133916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8333282490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1566589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8433681786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1566589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327708","display_name":"University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2762786131.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2762786131.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186258178","https://openalex.org/W1950030762","https://openalex.org/W1963679610","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1980015727","https://openalex.org/W1985900990","https://openalex.org/W1985947101","https://openalex.org/W1990785546","https://openalex.org/W1995804606","https://openalex.org/W2001005268","https://openalex.org/W2009625310","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2012380206","https://openalex.org/W2016027000","https://openalex.org/W2030978593","https://openalex.org/W2033644368","https://openalex.org/W2045529234","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2060333670","https://openalex.org/W2065236359","https://openalex.org/W2067436653","https://openalex.org/W2072435510","https://openalex.org/W2075445701","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2106285349","https://openalex.org/W2108557864","https://openalex.org/W2116737258","https://openalex.org/W2118599489","https://openalex.org/W2119136132","https://openalex.org/W2128049346","https://openalex.org/W2128877075","https://openalex.org/W2129761255","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2138790992","https://openalex.org/W2139763472","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2145124323","https://openalex.org/W2147699889","https://openalex.org/W2153418968","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2163601989","https://openalex.org/W2169212615","https://openalex.org/W2230085242","https://openalex.org/W2352511489","https://openalex.org/W2465098971","https://openalex.org/W2467903332","https://openalex.org/W2469179788","https://openalex.org/W2518136680","https://openalex.org/W2548171129","https://openalex.org/W2620081107","https://openalex.org/W2732869082","https://openalex.org/W2735706718","https://openalex.org/W2912296587","https://openalex.org/W3009206850","https://openalex.org/W3099949809","https://openalex.org/W3149255455","https://openalex.org/W4206579740","https://openalex.org/W4231241365","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W2015265939","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2611067230","https://openalex.org/W3194833114","https://openalex.org/W4205868343","https://openalex.org/W2039375148","https://openalex.org/W3204955359","https://openalex.org/W2048582679","https://openalex.org/W2782226720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localizing":[0],"failure-inducing":[1],"code":[2,54,97,188],"is":[3],"essential":[4],"for":[5,99,170,209],"software":[6],"debugging.":[7],"Manual":[8],"fault":[9,31,34,40,80,101,113,132,139,160,174,211],"localization":[10,41,81,114,133,140],"can":[11],"be":[12],"quite":[13],"tedious,":[14],"error-prone,":[15],"and":[16,70,186,221,230],"time-consuming.":[17],"Therefore,":[18],"a":[19,53,58,166],"huge":[20],"body":[21],"of":[22,95,111,118,158,168,239],"research":[23],"e":[24],"orts":[25],"have":[26,49,64],"been":[27,83],"dedicated":[28],"to":[29,85,91,129,189,202],"automated":[30,199],"localization.":[32,102,175,212],"Spectrum-based":[33],"localization,":[35,161],"the":[36,67,72,77,87,93,109,147,156,178,205,236],"most":[37],"intensively":[38],"studied":[39],"approach":[42],"based":[43,232],"on":[44,66,108,115,142,177],"test":[45,68,73,90,184,187],"execution":[46],"information,":[47],"may":[48,61],"limited":[50,106],"effectiveness,":[51],"since":[52],"element":[55,98],"executed":[56],"by":[57],"failed":[59],"tests":[60],"not":[62],"necessarily":[63],"impact":[65,94],"outcome":[69],"cause":[71],"failure.":[74],"To":[75],"bridge":[76],"gap,":[78],"mutation-based":[79,112,131,159,173],"has":[82],"proposed":[84],"transform":[86,183],"programs":[88],"under":[89],"check":[92],"each":[96],"better":[100],"However,":[103],"there":[104],"are":[105],"studies":[107],"effectiveness":[110,157],"sufficient":[116],"number":[117,167],"real":[119,144],"bugs.":[120],"In":[121],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124,181,195],"perform":[125],"an":[126,198],"extensive":[127],"study":[128,152],"compare":[130],"techniques":[134,141,233],"with":[135],"various":[136,191],"state-of-the-art":[137,228],"spectrum-based":[138],"357":[143],"bugs":[145,224],"from":[146],"Defects4J":[148],"benchmark":[149],"suite.":[150],"The":[151,213],"results":[153,215],"firstly":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"revealing":[165],"guidelines":[169],"further":[171,182],"improving":[172],"Based":[176],"learnt":[179],"guidelines,":[180],"outputs/messages":[185],"obtain":[190],"mutation":[192,207,229],"information.":[193],"Then,":[194],"propose":[196],"TraPT,":[197],"Learning-to-Rank":[200],"technique":[201],"fully":[203],"explore":[204],"obtained":[206],"information":[208],"effective":[210],"experimental":[214],"show":[216],"that":[217],"TraPT":[218],"localizes":[219],"65.12%":[220],"94.52%":[222],"more":[223],"within":[225],"Top-1":[226],"than":[227],"spectrum":[231],"when":[234],"using":[235],"default":[237],"setting":[238],"LIBSVM.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}