{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767413674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132929","title":"Tracking Knowledge Proficiency of Students with Educational Priors","display_name":"Tracking Knowledge Proficiency of Students with Educational Priors","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767413674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132929","mag":"2767413674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132847.3132929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707055","display_name":"Yuying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-2051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453156","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-5550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085496384","display_name":"Zhenya Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenya Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033706423","display_name":"Le Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-0581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048237545","display_name":"Enhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069512988","display_name":"Runze Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-5825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runze Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075435632","display_name":"Yu Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-0161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922053","display_name":"Guoping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-6201"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"989","last_page":"998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.6897953748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6454309821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5456826686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4952668249607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.4777476191520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanatory-power","display_name":"Explanatory power","score":0.43273210525512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-knowledge","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","score":0.4314318895339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41337376832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3877793252468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3558802604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-engineering","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","score":0.26336196064949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.25268858671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20228692889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12525582313537598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.6897953748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6454309821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5456826686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4952668249607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.4777476191520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224","display_name":"Explanatory power","level":2,"score":0.43273210525512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124469403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813993","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","level":3,"score":0.4314318895339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41337376832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3877793252468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3558802604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84685590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540472","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","level":2,"score":0.26336196064949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.25268858671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20228692889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12525582313537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132847.3132929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13474624","https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W616464301","https://openalex.org/W623504705","https://openalex.org/W1498505737","https://openalex.org/W1500188831","https://openalex.org/W1562092080","https://openalex.org/W1596401170","https://openalex.org/W1597676467","https://openalex.org/W1959691478","https://openalex.org/W1986169659","https://openalex.org/W1993753443","https://openalex.org/W2019512103","https://openalex.org/W2030007850","https://openalex.org/W2045563097","https://openalex.org/W2045871438","https://openalex.org/W2047570292","https://openalex.org/W2051963836","https://openalex.org/W2053590082","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2110096996","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2146856593","https://openalex.org/W2160920329","https://openalex.org/W2258103373","https://openalex.org/W2292523511","https://openalex.org/W2327262288","https://openalex.org/W2404715899","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W2587290924","https://openalex.org/W2605073321","https://openalex.org/W2612290545","https://openalex.org/W2911761300","https://openalex.org/W3103392675","https://openalex.org/W4253007761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289718052","https://openalex.org/W2164121020","https://openalex.org/W2145559838","https://openalex.org/W2905319430","https://openalex.org/W3116498279","https://openalex.org/W4287549553","https://openalex.org/W4310285384","https://openalex.org/W3183027292","https://openalex.org/W4248896073","https://openalex.org/W2974871044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnosing":[0],"students'":[1],"knowledge":[2,11,25,39,53,72,95,113,122,138,146,152,199],"proficiency,":[3],"i.e.,":[4],"the":[5,64,68,94,150,173,209],"mastery":[6,51],"degrees":[7],"of":[8,52,67,97,175,214],"a":[9,16,77,112,137,144,185],"particular":[10],"point":[12,123],"in":[13,59,83,115,143],"exercises,":[14],"is":[15,46,134],"crucial":[17],"issue":[18],"for":[19,196],"numerous":[20],"educational":[21,103,126,160],"applications,":[22],"e.g.,":[23],"targeted":[24],"training":[26],"and":[27,37,165,193,211],"exercise":[28,110,194],"recommendation.":[29],"Educational":[30],"theories":[31,161],"have":[32],"converged":[33],"that":[34],"students":[35,98],"learn":[36],"forget":[38],"from":[40],"time":[41,100,142],"to":[42,48,92,171],"time.":[43,55,180],"Thus,":[44],"it":[45],"necessary":[47],"track":[49,93],"their":[50],"over":[54,99,154,179],"However,":[56],"traditional":[57],"methods":[58],"this":[60,81,84],"area":[61],"either":[62],"ignored":[63],"explanatory":[65,89,212],"power":[66,213],"diagnosis":[69],"results":[70],"on":[71,76,203],"points":[73],"or":[74],"relied":[75],"static":[78],"assumption.":[79],"To":[80],"end,":[82],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,106,156,183],"devise":[87],"an":[88,120],"probabilistic":[90,186],"approach":[91],"proficiency":[96,178],"by":[101,124,190],"leveraging":[102,125],"priors.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"first":[107],"associate":[108],"each":[109,117,132,141,176],"with":[111],"vector":[114,139,153],"which":[116],"element":[118],"represents":[119],"explicit":[121],"priors":[127,170,195],"(i.e.,":[128,162],"Q-matrix":[129],").":[130],"Correspondingly,":[131],"student":[133,151,192,198],"represented":[135],"as":[136,169],"at":[140],"same":[145],"space.":[147],"Second,":[148],"given":[149],"time,":[155],"borrow":[157],"two":[158],"classical":[159],"Learning":[163],"curve":[164,167],"Forgetting":[166],")":[168],"capture":[172],"change":[174],"student's":[177],"After":[181],"that,":[182],"design":[184],"matrix":[187],"factorization":[188],"framework":[189],"combining":[191],"tracking":[197],"proficiency.":[200],"Extensive":[201],"experiments":[202],"three":[204],"real-world":[205],"datasets":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"both":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"our":[215],"proposed":[216],"model.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
