{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765816858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132542","title":"Evaluating the Usability of Automatically Generated Captions for People who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing","display_name":"Evaluating the Usability of Automatically Generated Captions for People who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765816858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132542","mag":"2765816858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132525.3132542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.02033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053524841","display_name":"Sushant Kafle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushant Kafle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034572826","display_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":61.6998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99821747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"165","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.8528478145599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.7747117280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7430962324142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5818676948547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5501887202262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5288152694702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5024304389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42267125844955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4163430631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39447975158691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3552168607711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10447418689727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07904210686683655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.8528478145599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.7747117280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7430962324142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5818676948547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5501887202262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5288152694702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5024304389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42267125844955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4163430631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39447975158691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3552168607711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10447418689727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07904210686683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132525.3132542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1712.02033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.02033","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.02033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1712.02033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.02033","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.02033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38194800","https://openalex.org/W93233318","https://openalex.org/W210770835","https://openalex.org/W259549804","https://openalex.org/W745540356","https://openalex.org/W1969680923","https://openalex.org/W1971631540","https://openalex.org/W1979745795","https://openalex.org/W1988183576","https://openalex.org/W1992475611","https://openalex.org/W1994215802","https://openalex.org/W2011081701","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2014077830","https://openalex.org/W2022449868","https://openalex.org/W2038943390","https://openalex.org/W2041675900","https://openalex.org/W2051860727","https://openalex.org/W2064762710","https://openalex.org/W2067359214","https://openalex.org/W2072271845","https://openalex.org/W2077538051","https://openalex.org/W2081528270","https://openalex.org/W2095734449","https://openalex.org/W2109664771","https://openalex.org/W2113028363","https://openalex.org/W2123702045","https://openalex.org/W2123816038","https://openalex.org/W2151287755","https://openalex.org/W2160130749","https://openalex.org/W2166637769","https://openalex.org/W2168119002","https://openalex.org/W2250357346","https://openalex.org/W2296516251","https://openalex.org/W2403044103","https://openalex.org/W2404260248","https://openalex.org/W2505877856","https://openalex.org/W2519224033","https://openalex.org/W2532711791","https://openalex.org/W2533523411","https://openalex.org/W2533816498","https://openalex.org/W2576204408","https://openalex.org/W2609869877","https://openalex.org/W2916774960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W2330246314","https://openalex.org/W2949522393","https://openalex.org/W4388002133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accuracy":[1],"of":[2,60,67,78,109,111,145],"Automated":[3],"Speech":[4],"Recognition":[5],"(ASR)":[6],"technology":[7],"has":[8,35],"improved,":[9],"but":[10,33],"it":[11,174],"is":[12],"still":[13],"imperfect":[14],"in":[15],"many":[16,46],"settings.":[17],"Researchers":[18],"who":[19,73],"evaluate":[20],"ASR":[21,61,112,168,181,187],"performance":[22,44],"often":[23],"focus":[24],"on":[25,45,64,99,142],"improving":[26],"the":[27,58,65,95,118,143,151],"Word":[28],"Error":[29],"Rate":[30],"(WER)":[31],"metric,":[32],"WER":[34,97,154],"been":[36],"found":[37],"to":[38,150,166,183],"have":[39],"little":[40],"correlation":[41,136,152],"with":[42,85,94,137],"human-subject":[43],"applications.":[47],"We":[48],"propose":[49],"a":[50,82,100,106,146,177],"new":[51,92,123,161],"captioning-focused":[52],"evaluation":[53,103],"metric":[54,93,98,124,132,155,162,179],"that":[55],"better":[56,178],"predicts":[57],"impact":[59],"recognition":[62],"errors":[63],"usability":[66,102,144],"automatically":[68],"generated":[69],"captions":[70],"for":[71,170,180],"people":[72],"are":[74],"Deaf":[75],"or":[76],"Hard":[77],"Hearing":[79],"(DHH).":[80],"Through":[81],"user":[83],"study":[84],"30":[86],"DHH":[87,128,138],"users,":[88],"we":[89],"compared":[90,149],"our":[91,122,131],"traditional":[96],"caption":[101],"task.":[104],"In":[105],"side-by-side":[107],"comparison":[108],"pairs":[110],"text":[113],"output":[114],"(with":[115],"identical":[116],"WER),":[117],"texts":[119],"preferred":[120,126],"by":[121,127],"were":[125],"participants.":[129],"Further,":[130],"had":[133],"significantly":[134],"higher":[135],"participants'":[139],"subjective":[140,158],"scores":[141],"caption,":[147],"as":[148],"between":[153],"and":[156,173],"participant":[157],"scores.":[159],"This":[160],"could":[163],"be":[164,176],"used":[165],"select":[167],"systems":[169],"captioning":[171],"applications,":[172],"may":[175],"researchers":[182],"consider":[184],"when":[185],"optimizing":[186],"systems.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}