{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762128195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132424","title":"Do superconducting processors really need cryogenic memories?","display_name":"Do superconducting processors really need cryogenic memories?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762128195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132424","mag":"2762128195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132402.3132424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132424","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3132424&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3132424&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011644333","display_name":"F. Ware","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fred Ware","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088303261","display_name":"Liji Gopalakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liji Gopalakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465448","display_name":"Eric Linstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9297-2391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Linstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022715353","display_name":"Sally A. McKee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-3767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally A. McKee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082024935","display_name":"Thomas Vogelsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-5197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Vogelsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113496356","display_name":"Kenneth L. Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth L. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112054154","display_name":"Craig Hampel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Hampel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109533543","display_name":"Gary Bronner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339014352","display_name":"Rambus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6j1174","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352","https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Bronner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011644333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339014352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9332,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86641493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7216002941131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5881101489067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-single-flux-quantum","display_name":"Rapid single flux quantum","score":0.5359277129173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.5165373682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5047904253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/josephson-effect","display_name":"Josephson effect","score":0.4815395474433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46118101477622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.4288833737373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42863228917121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4124968945980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.26280397176742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity","display_name":"Superconductivity","score":0.25359269976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.2117725908756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1973590850830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17390498518943787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7216002941131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5881101489067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150206757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294230","display_name":"Rapid single flux quantum","level":4,"score":0.5359277129173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.5165373682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5047904253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12038964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764228","display_name":"Josephson effect","level":3,"score":0.4815395474433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46118101477622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.4288833737373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42863228917121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4124968945980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.26280397176742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.25359269976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.2117725908756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1973590850830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17390498518943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132402.3132424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132424","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3132424&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132402.3132424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132424","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3132424&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2762128195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2762128195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603128197","https://openalex.org/W1985408000","https://openalex.org/W1993910692","https://openalex.org/W1997481398","https://openalex.org/W2014744284","https://openalex.org/W2033315171","https://openalex.org/W2042498085","https://openalex.org/W2044995553","https://openalex.org/W2045904683","https://openalex.org/W2060204338","https://openalex.org/W2060824022","https://openalex.org/W2070992435","https://openalex.org/W2105827747","https://openalex.org/W2110860124","https://openalex.org/W2116557123","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2136201025","https://openalex.org/W2164586147","https://openalex.org/W2169714673","https://openalex.org/W2170879009","https://openalex.org/W2199485047","https://openalex.org/W2218744901","https://openalex.org/W2461992524","https://openalex.org/W2576337131","https://openalex.org/W3098799455","https://openalex.org/W4240046958","https://openalex.org/W4301005741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964773178","https://openalex.org/W2160764301","https://openalex.org/W2138965031","https://openalex.org/W2017790376","https://openalex.org/W292902258","https://openalex.org/W2991739378","https://openalex.org/W3015199240","https://openalex.org/W3091205277","https://openalex.org/W2086804599","https://openalex.org/W4292722031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryogenic,":[0],"superconducting":[1,119],"digital":[2],"processors":[3,120],"offer":[4],"the":[5,20,38,62,73,86],"promise":[6],"of":[7,26,40,65,80,90],"greatly":[8],"reduced":[9],"operating":[10,36,114],"power":[11],"for":[12],"server-class":[13],"computing":[14],"systems.":[15],"This":[16],"is":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,51,71,99],"exceptionally":[21],"low":[22,122],"energy":[23],"per":[24,75],"operation":[25],"Single":[27],"Flux":[28],"Quantum":[29],"circuits":[30],"built":[31,109],"from":[32,110],"Josephson":[33],"junction":[34],"devices":[35],"at":[37,115,121],"temperature":[39],"4":[41],"Kelvin.":[42],"Unfortunately,":[43],"no":[44],"suitable":[45],"same-temperature":[46],"memory":[47,58,93],"technology":[48],"yet":[49],"exists":[50],"complement":[52],"these":[53],"SFQ":[54],"logic":[55],"technologies.":[56],"Possible":[57],"technologies":[59],"are":[60],"in":[61],"early":[63],"stages":[64],"development":[66],"but":[67],"will":[68],"take":[69],"years":[70],"reach":[72],"cost":[74],"bit":[76],"and":[77,88,113,124],"capacity":[78],"capabilities":[79],"current":[81],"semiconductor":[82],"memory.":[83],"We":[84],"discuss":[85],"pros":[87],"cons":[89],"four":[91],"alternative":[92],"architectures":[94],"that":[95,106,125],"could":[96],"be":[97],"coupled":[98],"SFQ-based":[100],"processors.":[101],"Our":[102],"feasibility":[103],"studies":[104],"indicate":[105],"cold":[107],"memories":[108],"CMOS":[111],"DRAM":[112],"77K":[116],"can":[117,127],"support":[118],"cost-per-bit,":[123],"they":[126],"do":[128],"so":[129],"today.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}