{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770089476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132340.3132346","title":"Detection and Avoidance of Wormhole Attacks in Connected Vehicles","display_name":"Detection and Avoidance of Wormhole Attacks in Connected Vehicles","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770089476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132340.3132346","mag":"2770089476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132340.3132346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132340.3132346","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Development and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024912690","display_name":"Sami S. Albouq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-7334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sami S. Albouq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oakland University, Rochester hills, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oakland University, Rochester hills, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069645290","display_name":"Erik M. Fredericks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4287-3339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik M. Fredericks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oakland University, Rochester hills, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oakland University, Rochester hills, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024912690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66432635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"107","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wormhole","display_name":"Wormhole","score":0.8157380223274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7267913818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7210239768028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.675198495388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6280737519264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-on-demand-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","score":0.5924853682518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-vector-routing-protocol","display_name":"Distance-vector routing protocol","score":0.4569461941719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4498714804649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4385783076286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.41798821091651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.3320671319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33014655113220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19379130005836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07342049479484558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29013271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544","display_name":"Wormhole","level":2,"score":0.8157380223274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7267913818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7210239768028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.675198495388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6280737519264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104503742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345335","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","level":5,"score":0.5924853682518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202385902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229441","display_name":"Distance-vector routing protocol","level":5,"score":0.4569461941719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4498714804649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4385783076286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.41798821091651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.3320671319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33014655113220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19379130005836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07342049479484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132340.3132346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132340.3132346","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Development and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55912148","https://openalex.org/W401401612","https://openalex.org/W1583345160","https://openalex.org/W1663459603","https://openalex.org/W1985671681","https://openalex.org/W1997805558","https://openalex.org/W2012219243","https://openalex.org/W2020481506","https://openalex.org/W2021149283","https://openalex.org/W2043243022","https://openalex.org/W2052316781","https://openalex.org/W2082371117","https://openalex.org/W2086865489","https://openalex.org/W2099638839","https://openalex.org/W2099817583","https://openalex.org/W2105543555","https://openalex.org/W2109094293","https://openalex.org/W2133372405","https://openalex.org/W2135057483","https://openalex.org/W2146072508","https://openalex.org/W2148323349","https://openalex.org/W2151993488","https://openalex.org/W2152087688","https://openalex.org/W2157457404","https://openalex.org/W2157921329","https://openalex.org/W2159178493","https://openalex.org/W2167930752","https://openalex.org/W2488013225","https://openalex.org/W2734833699","https://openalex.org/W3112127769","https://openalex.org/W4234482949","https://openalex.org/W4245906235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277666233","https://openalex.org/W2252200027","https://openalex.org/W2940592045","https://openalex.org/W4224249563","https://openalex.org/W2163574121","https://openalex.org/W1835431256","https://openalex.org/W1690277940","https://openalex.org/W2061561170","https://openalex.org/W102137215","https://openalex.org/W2949297233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29],"routing":[1,39,159],"protocol":[2,36,41,81],"in":[3,60,109,141],"connected":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(CVs)":[6],"is":[7,37,89,97],"vulnerable":[8],"to":[9,67,91,112,151,170,190],"wormhole":[10,58,86,143,154,184,202],"attacks":[11,203],"where":[12,174],"attackers":[13],"can":[14,187,200],"deceive":[15],"legitimate":[16,149],"nodes":[17,139,150],"and":[18,84,102,122,133,136,156,177,209],"purport":[19],"them":[20],"as":[21],"if":[22],"they":[23],"are":[24],"immediate":[25],"or":[26],"close":[27],"neighbors.":[28],"Ad":[30],"hoc":[31],"On-Demand":[32],"Distance":[33],"Vector":[34],"(AODV)":[35],"a":[38,64,79,94,142,171,182,205],"packet":[40],"designed":[42,90],"for":[43,82],"mobile":[44],"nodes.":[45],"However,":[46],"AODV":[47],"may":[48],"not":[49],"have":[50],"been":[51],"explicitly":[52],"developed":[53],"with":[54,104,204],"security":[55],"issues,":[56],"specifically":[57],"attacks,":[59],"mind,":[61],"thereby":[62],"requiring":[63],"detection":[65,123,207],"algorithm":[66],"secure":[68,158],"route":[69],"establishment.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"introduces":[73],"the":[74,128,153,191],"Wormhole-Protocol-Detector":[75],"(":[76],"WPD":[77,88,116,169,199],"),":[78],"lightweight":[80],"detecting":[83],"mitigating":[85],"attacks.":[87],"work":[92],"on":[93],"highway":[95],"that":[96,198],"clustered":[98],"into":[99],"equal":[100],"segments":[101],"equipped":[103],"road":[105],"side":[106],"units":[107],"(RSUs)":[108],"predefined":[110],"locations":[111],"monitor":[113],"each":[114],"segment.":[115],"consists":[117],"of":[118,124,138,179],"three":[119],"phases:":[120],"monitoring":[121],"out-of-range":[125],"packets,":[126],"estimating":[127],"hop":[129],"count":[130],"between":[131,161],"source":[132],"destination":[134],"nodes,":[135],"identification":[137],"participating":[140],"connection.":[144],"Together,":[145],"these":[146],"phases":[147],"enable":[148],"avoid":[152],"link":[155],"obtain":[157],"paths":[160],"CVs.":[162],"To":[163],"validate":[164],"our":[165],"approach,":[166],"we":[167],"apply":[168],"CVs":[172],"simulation":[173],"different":[175],"types":[176],"lengths":[178],"wormhole,":[180],"including":[181],"new":[183],"attack":[185],"method,":[186],"be":[188],"applied":[189],"CV":[192],"network.":[193],"Our":[194],"experimental":[195],"results":[196],"suggest":[197],"detect":[201],"high":[206],"rate":[208],"minimum":[210],"false":[211],"positives.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}