{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962813113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132188","title":"Opt","display_name":"Opt","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962813113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132188","mag":"2962813113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008830900","display_name":"Zachary DeVito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8863-1503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Devito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006123431","display_name":"Michael W. Mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-9368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005789795","display_name":"Michael Zollh\u00f6fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zollh\u00f6fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034400503","display_name":"Gilbert Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023577472","display_name":"Jonathan Ragan\u2010Kelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Ragan-Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020664641","display_name":"Christian Theobalt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Theobalt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018111215","display_name":"Pat Hanrahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Hanrahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081400079","display_name":"Matthew Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-3417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088583491","display_name":"Matthias Nie\u00dfner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Niessner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008830900"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92601174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8432484865188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.812168538570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.6215884685516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5999226570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5044466257095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4554852545261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.4252341389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.41728633642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.40581178665161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3632673919200897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22341561317443848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8432484865188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.812168538570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.6215884685516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5999226570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5044466257095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4554852545261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.4252341389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.41728633642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.40581178665161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3632673919200897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22341561317443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145691285","https://openalex.org/W1034706054","https://openalex.org/W1448623749","https://openalex.org/W1489951562","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1626653188","https://openalex.org/W1944319588","https://openalex.org/W1968661164","https://openalex.org/W1979449660","https://openalex.org/W1985290145","https://openalex.org/W1989988531","https://openalex.org/W1993589255","https://openalex.org/W1994431776","https://openalex.org/W1994722534","https://openalex.org/W1998444222","https://openalex.org/W2000214666","https://openalex.org/W2001790138","https://openalex.org/W2004068758","https://openalex.org/W2008057734","https://openalex.org/W2010315317","https://openalex.org/W2020429267","https://openalex.org/W2035271215","https://openalex.org/W2038516134","https://openalex.org/W2040436296","https://openalex.org/W2044850230","https://openalex.org/W2045676435","https://openalex.org/W2047947369","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2075402943","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2105313514","https://openalex.org/W2107501462","https://openalex.org/W2110274481","https://openalex.org/W2112667144","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2122578066","https://openalex.org/W2124313187","https://openalex.org/W2132598718","https://openalex.org/W2132825499","https://openalex.org/W2133497849","https://openalex.org/W2138569625","https://openalex.org/W2143897237","https://openalex.org/W2146721395","https://openalex.org/W2151636374","https://openalex.org/W2153054365","https://openalex.org/W2156598602","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2171303908","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2259008757","https://openalex.org/W2270206726","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2325034626","https://openalex.org/W2336961836","https://openalex.org/W2338287119","https://openalex.org/W2468336759","https://openalex.org/W2478429860","https://openalex.org/W2486034530","https://openalex.org/W2496722619","https://openalex.org/W2531143007","https://openalex.org/W2536680313","https://openalex.org/W2554433712","https://openalex.org/W2608505863","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2912016605","https://openalex.org/W4248870381","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4254473597","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W4302564868","https://openalex.org/W6632807815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557607869","https://openalex.org/W2366350639","https://openalex.org/W2079401649","https://openalex.org/W4313703117","https://openalex.org/W1993738197","https://openalex.org/W2087496541","https://openalex.org/W2028455732","https://openalex.org/W2108615321","https://openalex.org/W2085564391","https://openalex.org/W1984758362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"graphics":[1,126],"and":[2,22,74,114,127,141,162],"vision":[3,128],"problems":[4],"can":[5,96,105],"be":[6],"expressed":[7],"as":[8,20],"non-linear":[9],"least":[10],"squares":[11],"optimizations":[12],"of":[13,27,100,124,137,139,164],"objective":[14,66],"functions":[15,29,67,132],"over":[16,68],"visual":[17],"data,":[18],"such":[19],"images":[21],"meshes.":[23],"The":[24],"mathematical":[25],"descriptions":[26],"these":[28,65,83],"are":[30,133,150],"extremely":[31],"concise,":[32],"but":[33],"their":[34],"implementation":[35],"in":[36,50,109,135,152],"real":[37],"code":[38,140],"is":[39],"tedious,":[40],"especially":[41],"when":[42],"optimized":[43,144],"for":[44,63],"real-time":[45],"performance":[46,153],"on":[47,90],"modern":[48],"GPUs":[49],"interactive":[51],"applications.":[52,129],"In":[53,117],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56,120],"propose":[57],"a":[58,76,122,167],"new":[59],"language,":[60],"Opt,":[61],"1":[62],"writing":[64],"image-":[69],"or":[70,92],"graph-structured":[71],"unknowns":[72],"concisely":[73],"at":[75],"high":[77],"level.":[78],"Our":[79],"compiler":[80],"automatically":[81],"transforms":[82],"specifications":[84],"into":[85],"state-of-the-art":[86],"GPU":[87,145,160],"solvers":[88,149],"based":[89],"Gauss-Newton":[91],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[93],"methods.":[94],"Opt":[95],"generate":[97],"different":[98],"variations":[99],"the":[101,155],"solver,":[102],"so":[103],"users":[104],"easily":[106],"explore":[107],"tradeoffs":[108],"numerical":[110],"precision,":[111],"matrix-free":[112],"methods,":[113],"solver":[115,146],"approaches.":[116],"our":[118],"results,":[119],"implement":[121],"variety":[123],"real-world":[125],"Their":[130],"energy":[131],"expressible":[134],"tens":[136],"lines":[138],"produce":[142],"highly":[143],"implementations.":[147],"These":[148],"competitive":[151],"with":[154],"best":[156],"published":[157],"hand-tuned,":[158],"application-specific":[159],"solvers,":[161],"orders":[163],"magnitude":[165],"beyond":[166],"general-purpose":[168],"auto-generated":[169],"solver.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}