{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754982177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132026","title":"Passive Haptic Training to Improve Speed and Performance on a Keypad","display_name":"Passive Haptic Training to Improve Speed and Performance on a Keypad","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754982177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132026","mag":"2754982177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062396966","display_name":"Caitlyn Seim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-3212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlyn Seim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040433199","display_name":"Nick Doering","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Doering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354569","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-3487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085460170","display_name":"Wolfgang Stuerzlinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-5024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Stuerzlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045801671","display_name":"Thad\ufeff Starner\ufeff\ufeff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thad Starner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79441047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keypad","display_name":"Keypad","score":0.9208344221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.7227099537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6821162700653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.6783462762832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.57471764087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/braille","display_name":"Braille","score":0.573315441608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5667499899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5215975046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/words-per-minute","display_name":"Words per minute","score":0.4552135169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-effect","display_name":"Learning effect","score":0.43504977226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4279324412345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36764466762542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.35194897651672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3370388150215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33702385425567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.30217084288597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.22618886828422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14319321513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10445478558540344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009740","display_name":"Keypad","level":2,"score":0.9208344221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.7227099537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6821162700653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.6783462762832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.57471764087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778802812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894","display_name":"Braille","level":2,"score":0.573315441608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5667499899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5215975046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569389","display_name":"Words per minute","level":3,"score":0.4552135169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10431821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510174","display_name":"Learning effect","level":2,"score":0.43504977226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4279324412345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36764466762542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35194897651672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3370388150215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33702385425567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.30217084288597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.22618886828422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14319321513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10445478558540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3132026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3132026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1440012432","display_name":"HCC: Small: Passive Tactile Learning and Rehabilitation Using Wearable Computers","funder_award_id":"1217473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246254888","https://openalex.org/W1532161854","https://openalex.org/W1563698035","https://openalex.org/W1579384466","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W1991420669","https://openalex.org/W2002873194","https://openalex.org/W2008810811","https://openalex.org/W2027745971","https://openalex.org/W2035493476","https://openalex.org/W2058543238","https://openalex.org/W2060377764","https://openalex.org/W2064019019","https://openalex.org/W2068172675","https://openalex.org/W2072324068","https://openalex.org/W2080270662","https://openalex.org/W2088442210","https://openalex.org/W2097415926","https://openalex.org/W2099363936","https://openalex.org/W2114987226","https://openalex.org/W2116436429","https://openalex.org/W2126480875","https://openalex.org/W2127486392","https://openalex.org/W2128220310","https://openalex.org/W2137548520","https://openalex.org/W2152333654","https://openalex.org/W2152870685","https://openalex.org/W2154677055","https://openalex.org/W2164552991","https://openalex.org/W2165645720","https://openalex.org/W2265490232","https://openalex.org/W2515866111","https://openalex.org/W2535735454","https://openalex.org/W2610928755","https://openalex.org/W2611210595","https://openalex.org/W2611953330","https://openalex.org/W2622811858","https://openalex.org/W2732318916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794964524","https://openalex.org/W1985622799","https://openalex.org/W4378977155","https://openalex.org/W3009868926","https://openalex.org/W2604455559","https://openalex.org/W2084486632","https://openalex.org/W2515471460","https://openalex.org/W3047279850","https://openalex.org/W4205865997","https://openalex.org/W2754982177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"text":[1,33],"entry":[2,34],"systems":[3],"is":[4,49,117],"challenging,":[5],"yet":[6],"necessary.":[7],"Many":[8],"layouts":[9],"and":[10],"keyboards":[11],"exist,":[12],"but":[13],"they":[14],"rely":[15],"on":[16,58,113],"laborious":[17],"learning":[18,22,30],"techniques.":[19],"Passive":[20],"haptic":[21,53,82],"(PHL)":[23],"has":[24],"already":[25],"demonstrated":[26,96],"some":[27],"benefit":[28],"for":[29],"the":[31,91,93,104,120,129],"Braille":[32],"system.":[35],"Could":[36],"this":[37],"computing-enabled":[38],"technique":[39],"be":[40],"used":[41],"to":[42,64,73,138,142],"improve":[43,56,144],"desktop":[44],"keyboard":[45],"typing":[46,76,146],"skills?":[47],"It":[48],"unknown":[50],"whether":[51],"passive":[52,81],"training":[54],"can":[55],"speed":[57,147],"a":[59,69,132],"motor":[60],"task":[61],"(as":[62],"opposed":[63],"initial":[65],"learning).":[66],"We":[67],"use":[68],"randomized":[70],"numeric":[71],"keypad":[72],"examine":[74],"users\u2019":[75],"performance":[77],"with":[78,119],"or":[79],"without":[80],"training.":[83],"When":[84],"users":[85,124,136],"were":[86,140],"prevented":[87],"from":[88],"looking":[89],"at":[90,128],"keyboard,":[92],"PHL":[94,123,139],"group":[95,106],"consistent":[97,118],"accuracy":[98],"(-0.011":[99],"KSPC)":[100],"while":[101],"those":[102],"in":[103],"control":[105,154],"greatly":[107],"increased":[108],"their":[109,145],"error":[110],"(+1.26":[111],"KSPC":[112],"average).":[114],"This":[115],"result":[116],"finding":[121],"that":[122],"looked":[125],"significantly":[126,143],"less":[127],"keyboard.":[130],"In":[131],"second,":[133],"longer":[134],"study,":[135],"exposed":[137],"found":[141],"(mean":[148,155],"increase":[149,156],"of":[150,157],"11":[151],"WPM)":[152],"versus":[153],"2.2":[158],"WPM).":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}