{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2756252215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131902","title":"Detecting Gaze Towards Eyes in Natural Social Interactions and Its Use in Child Assessment","display_name":"Detecting Gaze Towards Eyes in Natural Social Interactions and Its Use in Child Assessment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2756252215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131902","mag":"2756252215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3131902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016567124","display_name":"Eunji Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-202X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eunji Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025097023","display_name":"Katha Chanda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katha Chanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089718644","display_name":"Zhefan Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhefan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028983123","display_name":"Audrey Southerland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrey Southerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064602017","display_name":"Nataniel Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nataniel Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076780294","display_name":"Rebecca Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-0171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca M. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weill Cornell Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weill Cornell Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085265585","display_name":"Agata Rozga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agata Rozga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002228469","display_name":"James M. Rehg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-5462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Rehg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016567124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97442482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8194831609725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-contact","display_name":"Eye contact","score":0.8078827261924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.6583986282348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6510517597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6024739146232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5406925082206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","score":0.5236173272132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47508350014686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4633425176143646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42703336477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41759222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.2989059090614319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8194831609725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183553116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633546","display_name":"Eye contact","level":2,"score":0.8078827261924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.6583986282348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6510517597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6024739146232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5406925082206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.5236173272132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47508350014686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4633425176143646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42703336477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41759222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2989059090614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3131902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4734263497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1029679","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6271203763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109919546","https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W1540848855","https://openalex.org/W1573991794","https://openalex.org/W1600099874","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1969599475","https://openalex.org/W1979785112","https://openalex.org/W1987411016","https://openalex.org/W1988798713","https://openalex.org/W1990485410","https://openalex.org/W1995694455","https://openalex.org/W2002088749","https://openalex.org/W2007384358","https://openalex.org/W2018337957","https://openalex.org/W2022226511","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2028877360","https://openalex.org/W2030869286","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2039934771","https://openalex.org/W2062000228","https://openalex.org/W2096704400","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2122623425","https://openalex.org/W2127303835","https://openalex.org/W2129844670","https://openalex.org/W2130157722","https://openalex.org/W2133103244","https://openalex.org/W2136000821","https://openalex.org/W2141015095","https://openalex.org/W2145316937","https://openalex.org/W2150020283","https://openalex.org/W2152785693","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2167462312","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2209882149","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2330594182","https://openalex.org/W2341085541","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2436529023","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2471836429","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2567892464","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2799148064","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914077598","https://openalex.org/W2914608742","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3106262690","https://openalex.org/W4298367921","https://openalex.org/W6632491177","https://openalex.org/W6759413151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973689121","https://openalex.org/W2313107300","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W1999828668","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W4320037918","https://openalex.org/W2047559669","https://openalex.org/W2912385441","https://openalex.org/W1988559821","https://openalex.org/W2948226866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye":[0],"contact":[1,24,94,158,173],"is":[2,72],"a":[3,19,27,80,89,105,150,167,196],"crucial":[4],"element":[5],"of":[6,22,29,35,40,53,65,78,113,136,179,201,211,224,227,236,239],"non-verbal":[7],"communication":[8,38],"that":[9,155,175],"signifies":[10],"interest,":[11],"attention,":[12],"and":[13,55,123,134,183,229],"participation":[14],"in":[15,26,100],"social":[16,37,56,70,98,142],"interactions.":[17],"As":[18],"result,":[20],"measures":[21],"eye":[23,93,157,172],"arise":[25],"variety":[28],"applications":[30],"such":[31,47],"as":[32,48],"the":[33,36,51,62,76,102,114,119,132,137,147,162,177,233],"assessment":[34],"skills":[39],"children":[41],"at":[42],"risk":[43],"for":[44,171],"developmental":[45],"disorders":[46],"autism,":[49],"or":[50],"analysis":[52],"turn-taking":[54],"roles":[57],"during":[58,68,96],"group":[59],"meetings.":[60],"However,":[61],"automated":[63,169],"measurement":[64],"visual":[66],"attention":[67],"naturalistic":[69],"interactions":[71,99],"challenging":[73],"due":[74],"to":[75,92,140],"difficulty":[77],"estimating":[79,161],"subject\u2019s":[81],"looking":[82],"direction":[83],"from":[84,206],"video.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"proposes":[88],"novel":[90,151],"approach":[91],"detection":[95,174],"adult-child":[97],"which":[101,108,240],"adult":[103],"wears":[104],"point-of-view":[106],"camera":[107],"captures":[109],"an":[110,221,230],"egocentric":[111],"view":[112],"child\u2019s":[115,120,138],"behavior.":[116],"By":[117],"analyzing":[118],"face":[121],"regions":[122],"inferring":[124],"their":[125,141],"head":[126,163],"pose":[127,184],"we":[128,194],"can":[129],"accurately":[130],"identify":[131],"onset":[133],"duration":[135],"looks":[139],"partner\u2019s":[143],"eyes.":[144],"We":[145,165,219],"introduce":[146],"Pose-Implicit":[148],"CNN,":[149],"deep":[152,187],"learning":[153,182],"architecture":[154],"predicts":[156],"while":[159],"implicitly":[160],"pose.":[164],"present":[166],"fully":[168],"system":[170],"solves":[176],"sub-problems":[178],"end-to-end":[180],"feature":[181],"estimation":[185],"using":[186],"neural":[188],"networks.":[189],"To":[190],"train":[191],"our":[192],"models,":[193],"use":[195],"dataset":[197],"comprising":[198],"22":[199],"hours":[200],"156":[202],"play":[203],"session":[204],"videos":[205],"over":[207,244],"100":[208],"children,":[209],"half":[210],"whom":[212],"are":[213,241],"diagnosed":[214],"with":[215],"Autism":[216],"Spectrum":[217],"Disorder.":[218],"report":[220],"overall":[222],"precision":[223],"0.76,":[225],"recall":[226],"0.80,":[228],"area":[231],"under":[232],"precision-recall":[234],"curve":[235],"0.79,":[237],"all":[238],"significant":[242],"improvements":[243],"existing":[245],"methods.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}