{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750405762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130901","title":"Exploring How Drivers Perceive Spatial Earcons in Automated Vehicles","display_name":"Exploring How Drivers Perceive Spatial Earcons in Automated Vehicles","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750405762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130901","mag":"2750405762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3130901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084392266","display_name":"David Beattie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-4839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Beattie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072088764","display_name":"Lynne Baillie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-5981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynne Baillie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034447332","display_name":"Martin Halvey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130035786","display_name":"University Ucinf","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs9pv18","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130035786"]}],"countries":["CL","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Halvey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130035786","https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084392266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81913116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.6735857725143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6197931170463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6043943166732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5808258056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5778669118881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5188128352165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-driving","display_name":"Car driving","score":0.5030044913291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.43297675251960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24412044882774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18377110362052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.16917359828948975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.6735857725143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6197931170463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6043943166732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5808258056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5778669118881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5188128352165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019674815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999646","display_name":"Car driving","level":2,"score":0.5030044913291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.43297675251960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24412044882774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18377110362052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.16917359828948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3130901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:61281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/651386.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149718677","https://openalex.org/W172711948","https://openalex.org/W228517400","https://openalex.org/W275041745","https://openalex.org/W629297016","https://openalex.org/W1504992226","https://openalex.org/W1515652542","https://openalex.org/W1526727645","https://openalex.org/W1545672797","https://openalex.org/W1590946104","https://openalex.org/W1825602531","https://openalex.org/W1963828843","https://openalex.org/W1976059209","https://openalex.org/W1976325702","https://openalex.org/W1993659559","https://openalex.org/W1996225046","https://openalex.org/W1997214137","https://openalex.org/W2003040863","https://openalex.org/W2010567361","https://openalex.org/W2019466536","https://openalex.org/W2022994491","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2027523423","https://openalex.org/W2029142339","https://openalex.org/W2047234048","https://openalex.org/W2052843882","https://openalex.org/W2054252722","https://openalex.org/W2055567480","https://openalex.org/W2061023211","https://openalex.org/W2062726111","https://openalex.org/W2082157988","https://openalex.org/W2084031874","https://openalex.org/W2088455846","https://openalex.org/W2089781555","https://openalex.org/W2091221708","https://openalex.org/W2092285523","https://openalex.org/W2096042773","https://openalex.org/W2096177659","https://openalex.org/W2099010032","https://openalex.org/W2102762153","https://openalex.org/W2108176795","https://openalex.org/W2114181294","https://openalex.org/W2126298837","https://openalex.org/W2143622102","https://openalex.org/W2144413772","https://openalex.org/W2146644337","https://openalex.org/W2147679264","https://openalex.org/W2153246402","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2160100227","https://openalex.org/W2204382272","https://openalex.org/W2212564669","https://openalex.org/W2237769934","https://openalex.org/W2295462836","https://openalex.org/W2341579967","https://openalex.org/W2487105168","https://openalex.org/W2488147574","https://openalex.org/W2505763307","https://openalex.org/W2542127213","https://openalex.org/W2592882268","https://openalex.org/W2594360533","https://openalex.org/W2921844135","https://openalex.org/W3000642371","https://openalex.org/W4249771488","https://openalex.org/W4299913535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258033839","https://openalex.org/W4297884099","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W4391055430","https://openalex.org/W3009214786","https://openalex.org/W3214769583","https://openalex.org/W2116812645","https://openalex.org/W1980239608","https://openalex.org/W4377157894","https://openalex.org/W2395327451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"vehicles":[1,29,77,169,186],"seek":[2],"to":[3,23,37,55,71,170,192],"relieve":[4],"the":[5,16,57,93],"human":[6],"driver":[7,19,58,197],"from":[8],"primary":[9,102,157,181],"driving":[10,103,114,138,148,158,182],"tasks,":[11],"but":[12],"this":[13,39,60],"substantially":[14],"diminishes":[15],"connection":[17,40,195],"between":[18,196],"and":[20,41,136,198],"vehicle":[21],"compared":[22],"manual":[24,76,137],"operation.":[25],"At":[26],"present,":[27],"automated":[28,135,168,185],"lack":[30],"any":[31],"form":[32],"of":[33,45,86],"continual,":[34],"appropriate":[35],"feedback":[36,51,74],"re-establish":[38,193],"offer":[42],"a":[43,84,113,122,194],"feeling":[44],"control.":[46],"We":[47,81],"suggest":[48],"that":[49,66,99,153],"auditory":[50,73,188],"can":[52,164],"be":[53,165],"used":[54],"support":[56],"in":[59,75,117,184,190],"context.":[61],"A":[62],"preliminary":[63],"field":[64],"study":[65,116],"explored":[67],"how":[68],"drivers":[69],"respond":[70],"existing":[72],"was":[78],"first":[79],"undertaken.":[80],"then":[82],"designed":[83,166],"set":[85],"abstract,":[87],"synthesised":[88,156],"sounds":[89,104],"presented":[90],"spatially":[91],"around":[92],"driver,":[94],"known":[95],"as":[96,128,130,161],"Spatial":[97,125,143,162],"Earcons,":[98,163],"represented":[100],"different":[101],"e.g.":[105],"acceleration.":[106],"To":[107],"evaluate":[108],"their":[109],"effectiveness,":[110],"we":[111],"undertook":[112],"simulator":[115],"an":[118,146],"outdoor":[119],"setting":[120],"using":[121,187],"real":[123],"vehicle.":[124,199],"Earcons":[126,144],"performed":[127],"well":[129],"Existing":[131,172],"Vehicle":[132,173],"Sounds":[133],"during":[134],"scenarios.":[139],"Subjective":[140],"responses":[141],"suggested":[142],"produced":[145],"engaging":[147],"experience.":[149],"This":[150,175],"paper":[151],"argues":[152],"entirely":[154],"new":[155,177],"sounds,":[159],"such":[160],"for":[167,179],"replace":[171],"Sounds.":[174],"creates":[176],"possibilities":[178],"presenting":[180],"information":[183],"feedback,":[189],"order":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
