{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794407475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129743.3129752","title":"Multi-variant execution environments","display_name":"Multi-variant execution environments","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794407475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129743.3129752","mag":"2794407475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3129743.3129752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129743.3129752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462769","display_name":"ACM eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Continuing Arms Race: Code-Reuse Attacks and Defenses","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015140984","display_name":"Bart Coppens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7628-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Coppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090947977","display_name":"Bjorn De Sutter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-2089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn De Sutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081376452","display_name":"Stijn Volckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Volckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53751484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8750551342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8008569478988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6379731893539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5932857394218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-safety","display_name":"Memory safety","score":0.5858591794967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5491752624511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.5424256324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.45859140157699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3759617209434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.24837428331375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.058984071016311646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8750551342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8008569478988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6379731893539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5932857394218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28180684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4080983","display_name":"Memory safety","level":3,"score":0.5858591794967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5491752624511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.5424256324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.45859140157699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3759617209434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.24837428331375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.058984071016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3129743.3129752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129743.3129752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462769","display_name":"ACM eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Continuing Arms Race: Code-Reuse Attacks and Defenses","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8557445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8557445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781970001808","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1880669887","display_name":"TWC: TTP Option: Medium: Collaborative: ENCORE - ENhanced program protection through COmpiler-REwriter cooperation","funder_award_id":"1513837","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5531295971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-10-C-0237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":205,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1112477","https://openalex.org/W24839522","https://openalex.org/W70478248","https://openalex.org/W99657086","https://openalex.org/W164009454","https://openalex.org/W183305829","https://openalex.org/W201766245","https://openalex.org/W216996474","https://openalex.org/W1429241971","https://openalex.org/W1459231281","https://openalex.org/W1477563924","https://openalex.org/W1495630617","https://openalex.org/W1496476314","https://openalex.org/W1504083933","https://openalex.org/W1516211918","https://openalex.org/W1529311848","https://openalex.org/W1538332098","https://openalex.org/W1542906860","https://openalex.org/W1544471297","https://openalex.org/W1563300346","https://openalex.org/W1575709006","https://openalex.org/W1590050693","https://openalex.org/W1591211019","https://openalex.org/W1593678010","https://openalex.org/W1605557845","https://openalex.org/W1606518565","https://openalex.org/W1608091202","https://openalex.org/W1631846088","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1680927362","https://openalex.org/W1683061488","https://openalex.org/W1691322864","https://openalex.org/W1758810311","https://openalex.org/W1816718056","https://openalex.org/W1823377586","https://openalex.org/W1826158585","https://openalex.org/W1878544538","https://openalex.org/W1903241486","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1964281299","https://openalex.org/W1964999724","https://openalex.org/W1968002620","https://openalex.org/W1969338270","https://openalex.org/W1969501726","https://openalex.org/W1969519208","https://openalex.org/W1973614149","https://openalex.org/W1977336977","https://openalex.org/W1978174330","https://openalex.org/W1978223246","https://openalex.org/W1978903859","https://openalex.org/W1982778414","https://openalex.org/W1982829328","https://openalex.org/W1984554975","https://openalex.org/W1990465482","https://openalex.org/W1992221070","https://openalex.org/W1992613676","https://openalex.org/W1992741024","https://openalex.org/W1993318777","https://openalex.org/W1993682390","https://openalex.org/W1993736952","https://openalex.org/W1994759706","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2001978806","https://openalex.org/W2003619630","https://openalex.org/W2004456327","https://openalex.org/W2004769014","https://openalex.org/W2006790656","https://openalex.org/W2012559808","https://openalex.org/W2012578421","https://openalex.org/W2015083179","https://openalex.org/W2020208333","https://openalex.org/W2022018347","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2022413220","https://openalex.org/W2025025782","https://openalex.org/W2033593513","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2036846060","https://openalex.org/W2042856445","https://openalex.org/W2047194322","https://openalex.org/W2048852134","https://openalex.org/W2059969702","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2065540707","https://openalex.org/W2066137796","https://openalex.org/W2066852506","https://openalex.org/W2070314387","https://openalex.org/W2072102701","https://openalex.org/W2074943483","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2080313875","https://openalex.org/W2080379526","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2086277109","https://openalex.org/W2086839628","https://openalex.org/W2088383546","https://openalex.org/W2088938709","https://openalex.org/W2089448621","https://openalex.org/W2091980304","https://openalex.org/W2092911542","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2098806455","https://openalex.org/W2099382052","https://openalex.org/W2099813257","https://openalex.org/W2102740706","https://openalex.org/W2105349588","https://openalex.org/W2105393274","https://openalex.org/W2105904466","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2111760587","https://openalex.org/W2115134174","https://openalex.org/W2117115928","https://openalex.org/W2117479921","https://openalex.org/W2117798902","https://openalex.org/W2119055825","https://openalex.org/W2119746900","https://openalex.org/W2119971343","https://openalex.org/W2121468041","https://openalex.org/W2121579803","https://openalex.org/W2121953642","https://openalex.org/W2122532513","https://openalex.org/W2122757982","https://openalex.org/W2123184511","https://openalex.org/W2123436168","https://openalex.org/W2123553986","https://openalex.org/W2126790595","https://openalex.org/W2128171167","https://openalex.org/W2130366328","https://openalex.org/W2131821445","https://openalex.org/W2132806808","https://openalex.org/W2133592286","https://openalex.org/W2134440791","https://openalex.org/W2136938453","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2138788987","https://openalex.org/W2141293928","https://openalex.org/W2145287008","https://openalex.org/W2148686658","https://openalex.org/W2149603369","https://openalex.org/W2150858564","https://openalex.org/W2153218454","https://openalex.org/W2154555738","https://openalex.org/W2155810272","https://openalex.org/W2155851497","https://openalex.org/W2156261519","https://openalex.org/W2158389625","https://openalex.org/W2158794422","https://openalex.org/W2159059513","https://openalex.org/W2159216827","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2164658444","https://openalex.org/W2165266180","https://openalex.org/W2168628991","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2171929398","https://openalex.org/W2171938395","https://openalex.org/W2172131317","https://openalex.org/W2258876169","https://openalex.org/W2261546377","https://openalex.org/W2293825325","https://openalex.org/W2296346842","https://openalex.org/W2301356482","https://openalex.org/W2308956927","https://openalex.org/W2327395261","https://openalex.org/W2332347785","https://openalex.org/W2397986719","https://openalex.org/W2404006520","https://openalex.org/W2404678703","https://openalex.org/W2405483064","https://openalex.org/W2406423978","https://openalex.org/W2408805917","https://openalex.org/W2409015667","https://openalex.org/W2460232746","https://openalex.org/W2472744043","https://openalex.org/W2487602542","https://openalex.org/W2491836893","https://openalex.org/W2510394756","https://openalex.org/W2528894473","https://openalex.org/W2534135179","https://openalex.org/W2572561587","https://openalex.org/W2580935909","https://openalex.org/W2584744348","https://openalex.org/W2585924936","https://openalex.org/W2606288313","https://openalex.org/W2612403404","https://openalex.org/W2612687770","https://openalex.org/W2691795444","https://openalex.org/W2737641195","https://openalex.org/W2741239043","https://openalex.org/W2907671633","https://openalex.org/W2912512435","https://openalex.org/W2949967155","https://openalex.org/W2978757628","https://openalex.org/W3000286628","https://openalex.org/W3138733102","https://openalex.org/W3141714753","https://openalex.org/W3172035225","https://openalex.org/W3210725047","https://openalex.org/W4214532949","https://openalex.org/W4236883605","https://openalex.org/W4237352773","https://openalex.org/W4245736681","https://openalex.org/W4246472322","https://openalex.org/W4250276807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4385719733","https://openalex.org/W3085047896","https://openalex.org/W2979496624","https://openalex.org/W2297096600","https://openalex.org/W2241929320","https://openalex.org/W4384345644","https://openalex.org/W1486481742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory":[0,34],"corruption":[1],"vulnerabilities":[2,16,42],"are":[3,52],"a":[4],"common":[5],"problem":[6],"in":[7,10,38,55],"software":[8,31],"implemented":[9],"C/C++.":[11],"Attackers":[12],"can":[13],"exploit":[14],"these":[15,41],"to":[17,22],"steal":[18],"sensitive":[19],"data":[20],"and":[21],"seize":[23],"or":[24],"disrupt":[25],"the":[26,30],"system":[27],"on":[28],"which":[29],"is":[32],"executed.":[33],"safety":[35],"techniques":[36],"can,":[37],"principle,":[39],"eliminate":[40],"[Nagarakatte":[43],"et":[44,48,61],"al.":[45,49,62],"2009,":[46],"Nagarakatte":[47],"2010]":[50],"but":[51],"prohibitively":[53],"expensive":[54],"terms":[56],"of":[57],"runtime":[58],"overhead":[59],"[Szekeres":[60],"2013].":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
